1. RENEWING AFRICAN AGRICULTURE Technological Opportunities and Institutional Innovation Calestous Juma Calestous_Juma@Harvard.Edu Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University Des Moines, Iowa October 18, 2006

2. Technology in Iowa Senator George OMalley stated in his closing remarks for the bill that he and his family had used the white margarine for years and he was tired of having to mix it to make it yellow. Then he reported that his health was perfect, pointed to his big stock of gray hair and noted that he was 6 foot three inches tall! Finally, he reminded the Senate that he and his wife were the parents of ten children. The Senate passed the bill the next day.

3. The Borlaug legacy Technological change Institutional innovation Environmental management

6. Learning to develop Development as a learning process Infrastructure as the foundation Technical knowledge as the fuel Business as the locus of growth Government as a facilitator

7. Technological mastery Use of existing knowledge Strategic alliances Generating new knowledge Knowledge-based institutions

8. AFRICAN PANEL ON BIOTECHNOLOGY

9. Taking risks

10. Responding to challenges

12. Mecca: June 20, 1511 Muhtasib Khair-Beg Convened the ulema Outlawing reprehensible meetings Banning coffee

13. Ignorant asses Your physicians are asses. Our lawyers and physicians in Cairo are better informed. They recommend the use of Coffee, and I declare that no faithful will lose heaven because he drinks coffee.

14. Supplanting wine Belinghi, 17 th century Italian poet: … this seditious disturber of the world, Has, by its unparalleled virtue, Supplanted all wines from this blessed day.

15. Satans drink Pope Clement VIII, 1600: Why, this Satans drink is so delicious … it would be a pity to have the infidels have exclusive use of it. We shall fool Satan by baptizing it and making it a truly Christian beverage.

16. Mandate To provide the AU and NEPAD with independent and strategic advice on developments biotechnology and its implications for agriculture, health and the environment. It will focus on intra-regional and international issues of regulating the development and application of genetic modification and its products.

17. Strategic considerations Formulating long-term biotechnology missions Promoting regional cooperation Strengthening local capabilities Critical role of universities Commercialization: technology prospecting Regulation: balanced regulation Building international partnerships Improving policy and implementation

18. INSTITUTIONAL REFORM: EARTH UNIVERSITY, COSTA RICA

20. The mission of EARTH: s To be a leader in university education, committed to the formation of agents of change with strong ethical and human values, social and environmental consciousness, and an entrepreneurial mentality, who are committed to serving others. s To be innovative and critical in the generation of knowledge which promotes the well being of the Earth's inhabitants and the development of the communities of the humid tropics. s To promote the interchange, analysis, synthesis and dissemination of knowledge and skills which will lead to improvements in the quality of life in the humid tropic region.

21. ELEMENTS THE EARTH MODEL Work experience Entrepreneurial development Social and community interaction Internship Graduation research project

22. WORKEXPERIENCEWORKEXPERIENCE

23. ENTREPRENEURIALDEVELOPMENTENTREPRENEURIALDEVELOPMENT

24. GRADUATION RESEARCH PROJECT

25. Innovations in universities Incremental changes Rwanda, Zambia, South Africa, Ghana Novel transformations Universities in community development Universities as sources of entrepreneurs Universities as business incubators Businesses as university incubators

26. Managing change Policy context: vision, urgency, executive leadership Curriculum: entrepreneurial Pedagogy: experiential Students: leadership and change agents Location: problem-based Funding: incentives, linkages Governance: autonomy

28. RENEWING AFRICAN AGRICULTURE Technological Opportunities and Institutional Innovation Calestous Juma Calestous_Juma@Harvard.Edu Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University Des Moines, Iowa October 18, 2006