1. Endocrine System

3. The Endocrine System are the glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

5. Brain region that controls the pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Brain region that controls the pituitary gland
Controls homeostasis – the bodies ability to remain at a status quo level

6. Pituitary Gland
The “master gland” receives instructions from the brain, and in turn directs the rest of the endocrine system
Controls thirst by controlling the amount of water in the body’s cells
Controls female contractions, and tells the mammary glands to produce milk for newborns

7. May control grooming habits, companionship, and sexual behavior
Pituitary Gland
May control grooming habits, companionship, and sexual behavior
Controls the flow of the human growth hormones – dwarfism and gigantism

9. Pineal Gland Responsible for the hormone “Melatonin”
Increased levels of Melatonin cause behaviors associated with sleep
Decreased levels of Melatonin cause behaviors associated with wakefulness

11. Thyroid Gland Releases the hormone “Thyroxin”
Thyroxin controls body temperature
Controls metabolism – our body’s ability to transform the food we eat into usable energy
Overactive? Behaviors may include excitability, insomnia, ADD, agitation, difficulty focusing
Reduced Activity? Behaviors may include sleepiness, reduced muscle tone, overweight

13. Parathyroids
There are four parathyroid glands which are normally about the size and shape of a grain of rice.
The sole purpose of the parathyroid glands are to regulate the calcium level in our bodies within a very narrow range so that the nervous and muscular systems can function properly.

15. Thymus Gland
Responsible for producing “T-Lymphocytes” – white-blood cells that fight infection
Regulates the body’s Immune System – protecting the body against infection
Hay fever, allergies, migraines may also be associated with poor thymus function

17. Adrenal Glands
Located right above the kidneys and signaled by the autonomic system
Secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help to arouse the body in times of stress
Increase heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar

19. Pancreas Controls the chemical “Insulin”
Insulin is needed in the body to break down sugars in the body
Too much insulin in the body devours all of the sugar in the blood. Behaviors exhibited include sluggishness and inattentiveness.

20. Too little insulin causes a buildup of sugar in the blood and makes the kidneys use a lot more water to flush it out of the body. The extra water needed to flush the sugar comes from surrounding cells, which in turn dehydrates them and leaves them vulnerable to infection and poisons.

22. Gonads Testicles – release androgens (male hormones)
Ovaries – release estrogens (female hormones)
The presence of these chemicals influence male and female reproductive characteristics.