1. Water Movement In the Ground
Earth Science
Mr. Cloud

2. Four Things That Could Happen When Precipitation Hits the Ground
1. Water Retention: water is stored as ice or snow
2. Runoff: flow over Earth’s surface
3. Evaporation/Transpiration: liquid water changing to gas
**4. Infiltration: seeping into the lithosphere under the force of gravity

3. Where does NYC get its famous drinking water?
Pepacton Reservior Delaware County, NY
Carrying Capacity 142 Billion Gallons!

6. Zones of the Lithosphere

7. Factors Affecting Infiltration
1. Slope of the Land
2. Degree of Saturation
3. Porosity
4. Permeability
5. Capillarity

8. Porosity
The percentage of open space in a material compared to its total volume.
The greater the porosity, the greater the amount of infiltration.
***Particle size itself does not affect porosity. ***

9. Permeability
The ability of a material to allow fluids such as water to pass through
Permeability rate: is the speed at which fluids flow through a material
The larger the particle size, the faster the permeability rate and infiltration

10. Capillarity
The attractive force between water molecules and the surrounding Earth materials
As water infiltrates the ground, it can be slowed by the attractive force between water and surrounding Earth materials
Capillary Migration (Action): upward movement of water due to the attractive force between water and its surrounding particles
When particle size becomes smaller capillary migration becomes greater

11. Which tube has a higher capillarity? Why?