1. CONTRIBUTION OF THE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF UNAM (II-UNAM) TO ELECTRIC & HYBRID VEHICLES TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPEMENT Germán Carmona Paredes October 22, 2011 PROPOSALS FOR PUBLIC ELECTRIC TRANSPORTATION IN MEXICO CITY

2. INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND A program to develop electric and hybrid vehicle concepts at the National University of Mexico (UNAM) started in 1993. The major effort during this period has been aimed at producing original designs of battery powered small busses and delivery vans. The most important developments include: PROPOSALS FOR PUBLIC ELECTRIC TRANSPORTATION IN MEXICO CITY

3. A 30 passenger urban transport featuring a chassis built out of composite paneling and a hydro-pneumatic regenerative brake system VEUNAM (1996)

4. Hydropneumatic brake system

5. VEUNAM (1996) Composite material chassis

6. VEUNAM (1996) Testing the VEUNAM

7. A VW-beettle converted to electric traction with the main goal to realized Lead-Acid batteries studies. VOLTS-WAGEN (1997)

8. VER (Delivery Electric Vehicle): A delivery van with separate motor-speed reducing units for each drive wheel. VER (1999)

10. A delivery truck with Zinc-Air batteries ZOXY-ET2 (2000)

12. A second 30 passenger bus with a monocoque body structure made of composite material and a energy economizer power steering system in which the motor that drives the hydraulic pump operates only when the torque applied to the steering wheel exceeds a certain threshold. ELECTROBUS (2001)

14. A van capable of turning on a very small radius for an exceptional maneuverability. ELECTROVIRA (2003)

15. A small vehicle with a parallel hybrid transmission (electric-ICM), developed to VEHIZERO. HYBRID TAXI (2006)

17. A Nissan Tsuru converted to electric vehicle for taxi. ELECTROTAXI (2007)

18. Development of 25 delivery van with a series hybrid traction system. ECCO-VEHIZERO (2009)

20. Production plant of 25 ECCOs

21. A concept design of a moving museum of science. CIENCIA EN MOVIMIENTO (2009)

23. CHAPULTEPEC TRAIN (2012) Cuernavaca, Mor.

24. CHAPULTEPEC TRAIN (2012) Mexico City

26. ELECTROBUS (2012) Electrobus at continuous service with Chemistry School since 2011

27. MiniE (2012) Evaluation project of an electric Mini Cooper of BWM

28. MiniE (2012)

29. Electric Nissan Urvan 2013 Pumabus Eléctrico