1. Age of Exploration

2. Exploration Necessities
Changes in Ship design
Knowledge and tools to sail by stars, Arabs
Compass from China
Gunpowder Weapons for protection, thanks China
Black Pepper wealth as motivation

3. Portugal

4. The Portuguese First to send large exploration trips Prince Henry
Called the Navigator
Patron of exploration
Established navigation court
Sailors
Mapmakers
Astronomers
Others

5. Henry’s Dream Find water route around Africa to India
Get those spices
Died before complete
attempts not abandoned
Bartolomeu Dias became first to sail around southern tip of Africa

6. da Gama In 1497, Vasco da Gama led four ships around Africa
Used piracy and violence in the Monsoon Marketplace
Later Portuguese explorers used similar tactics
Established Portuguese dominance
Made a lot of money in India

7. Asian Expansion Established trade with Japan
Traded Japanese silver for Chinese Silk
Profits used to purchase spices and other goods
became rich, powerful European nation

8. Spain

9. Background Reconquista Spanish Inquisition
Iberian Peninsula long ruled by Muslims
These crusades lasted until about 1492
Spanish Inquisition
Execution or forced conversion of non-Christians
Lost 150,000 people, many educated

10. The Union Two major Kingdoms They Married in 1469, made Spain
Aragon: King Ferdinand
Castile: Queen Isabella
They Married in 1469, made Spain
Began funding exploration to compete with neighbor Portugal

11. Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus (1451 – 1506) was an Italian navigator, colonizer and explorer.
He sailed for King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain.
His voyages began a period marked by European empires.
“Discovered America”
Note: He was NOT the first European to reach the Americas. He’s important because, after his trip, more Europeans traveled to the New World.

12. Spanish motivation The Spanish reasons for Empire:
God—The Spanish brought Catholicism to America, forcing natives to convert.
Glory—Individuals like Cortez and Pizarro became wealthy national heroes.
Gold—Spain became the most powerful nation in the world due to the gold of the Americas.

13. Reasons for Easy Conquest
Civil Wars and rivalry divided natives
Old World diseases decimated populations
Horses and advanced weaponry
Spanish use of treachery

14. Other Explorers Ferdinand Magellan Zheng He
Circumnavigated the world (paid for by Spain)
Zheng He
Ming Dynasty Admiral
Sailed huge treasure fleets

15. Iberian Wolrd
1493 Pope Alexander VI divided lands between Spain and Portugal
Called the Line of Demarcation
(1494) Treaty of Tordesillas