1. Monocots and Eudicots (Dicots)
…the most abundant vascular plants

2. Monocots and Eudicots (Dicots)
…the most abundant vascular plants

3. Classification of Plants
Kingdom
- Subkingdom
- Division
Class
Order
Bryophytes (non-vascular) Mosses, liverworts, hornworts
Tracheophytes vascular has xylem and phloem

4. Tracheophytes – Vascular plants
“Roots and Shoots”
Above ground = shoots
Under ground = roots
Three tissue types
Dermal tissues
Vascular tissues
Ground tissues
Major organs (non-reproductive)
Leaf
Stem
Root
Tracheophytes vascular has xylem and phloem

5. Tracheophytes – Vascular plants
“Roots and Shoots”
Above ground = shoots
Under ground = roots
Three tissue types
Dermal tissues
Vascular tissues
Ground tissues
Major organs (non-reproductive)
Leaf
Stem
Root
stem
dermal tissues
vascular
tissues
leaves
Ground tissues
root tip
root hairs
root

6. Meristemic Tissue – only regions where cells divide repeatedly by mitosis (sites of growth)
Description
Function
apical meristem
at root and shoot tips
primary growth – increases in LENGTH
lateral meristem
cylinders of tissue within roots and stems
secondary growth – increases in diameter

7. Dermal – a plants skin (protective)
Tissue
Description
Function
Epidermis
-outermost cell layer in primary growth regions
Produces waxy cuticle – prevents water loss and infection, restricts gas exchange
Periderm
-outside layer at sites experiencing secondary growth
-replaces epidermis
-often multiple cell layers
Waterproofs roots and stems, protects inner tissues from structural damage

8. Ground – all the internal nonvascular regions
Tissue
Description
Function
Parenchyma
Spherical, thin-celled walls with large vacuoles
-Storage of nutrients, carbs (sugars and starches) and water
-heals wounds, regenerates plant parts
Collenchyma
Long cells with thickened cell walls
-strength
-supports primary growth regions
-flexibility to withstand wind
Sclerenchyma
-very thick secondary cell wall of cellulose and lignin
-long cells
-Strength and rigidity

9. Vascular – a plant’s circulatory system (transport)
Tissue
Description
Function
Xylem
-tracheids long, tapered, thick-walled cells with overlapping ends and pits (unthickened areas) on cell walls
-vessel elements – short, large diameter thick walled cells with open ends; stacked like barrels to make vessels
Transports water and dissolved minerals, usually upward from roots to leaves

10. Vascular – a plant’s circulatory system (transport)
Tissue
Description
Function
Phloem
Sieve tube elements – long thin cells with tiny holes at the sloping ends (a sieve), and pits along side alls; no nucleus, ribosomes, Golgi, vacuoles, stacked to form sieve tubes
-transports food (sugars etc) from leaves to the plant body
Companion cells: direct sieve tubes

11. Classification of Plants
Kingdom
- Subkingdom
- Division
Class
Order
Bryophytes (non-vascular) Mosses, liverworts, hornworts
Tracheophytes vascular has xylem and phloem
Lycophytes (club mosses)
Spore producing (ferns)
Seed producing
Gymnosperms (cone bearing)
Angiosperms (seed enclosed flowering plants)
Dicots
Amborellales
Eudicotyledons
(2/3 of all angiosperms)
Monocotyledons (1/4 of all angiosperms)
Dicots
Nymphaeales
Other early angiosperms
Dicots
Dicots

12. Comparing Monocots and Eudicots/ Dicots
Leaf Venation
Actual pictures:

13. Comparing Monocots and Eudicots/ Dicots
Leaf Venation
Actual pictures:

14. Comparing Monocots and Eudicots/ Dicots
Leaf Venation
Actual pictures:

15. Comparing Monocots and Eudicots/ Dicots
Leaf Venation
Actual pictures:

16. Comparing Monocots and Eudicots/ Dicots
Leaf Venation
Actual pictures:

17. Comparing Monocots and Eudicots/ Dicots
Leaf Venation
Actual pictures:

18. Comparing Monocots and Eudicots/ Dicots
Leaf Venation
Actual pictures:

19. Practice Problems (HomeFUN!)
Read section 13.2 – pages
Page 551
Questions 1-3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 14