1. Transport of Molecules
Cell processes:
Plasma Membrane
Transport of Molecules
Energy Conversion
Protein Synthesis

2. Homeostasis Plasma Membrane functions:
Balance internal conditions of cells
Maintain “Equilibrium”
Plasma Membrane controls what enters & leaves cell.
Plasma Membrane functions:
Protective Barrier
“Selectively/Semi Permeable”: Decides what to let in/out

3. Structure of Plasma Membrane
Lipids: structural component- phospholipid bilayer
Proteins: structural support, communication, transport (channel or carrier)
Carbohydrate: communication, cell recognition

4. Cell/plasma Membrane STRUCTURE

5. Passive vs active transport
What’s the biggest difference between the two?

6. Facilitated Diffusion
Passive Transport:
Requires NO energy; molecules in constant kinetic movement
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration
Ex: Oxygen moves into cell; Carbon Dioxide moves out of cell.
Osmosis
Diffusion of WATER across the cell membrane.
Water diffuses from HIGH water potential (low solute) to LOW water potential (high solute).
Facilitated Diffusion
Diffusion of molecules through a membrane protein channel.
Ex: Glucose molecules move into cell through transport protein.
HIGH concentration to LOW concentration

7. Solutions that affect osmosis in cells
Isotonic: equal concentration of substances
Cell stays same
Hyptotonic: less solutes than inside cell
Cell swells
Hypertonic: more solutes than inside cell
Cell Shrinks

8. LOW concentration to HIGH concentration
ATP
Active Transport: requires Energy
Molecules move against concentration gradient (LOW to HIGH concentration)
ENDOCYTOSIS & EXOCYTOSIS
Moving “big stuff” into & out of cell.
Endocytosis: “INTO” materials brought in through a vesicle formed from cell membrane ex: food, large amounts of water.
Exocytosis: “OUT” molecules moved out of cell by vesicles that fuse with cell membrane.
Ex: wastes,
hormones,
Excess water
Ion Pumps
Sodium & Potassium pumped against their gradient using energy to drive movement of other molecules across membrane. Ex: nerve impulses

9. Photosynthesis Vs. Cellular respiration
Energy Conversions
During Photosynthesis energy from the sun is converted to sugars (glucose C6H12O6) in the chloroplast.
Cellular Respiration in the mitochondria breaks down sugars to release energy in the form of ATP for cells to use.
Photosynthesis Vs Cellular respiration
Photosynthesis
Process
Respiration
Carbon Dioxide, Water, Energy (Solar)
Reactants
Oxygen, Glucose
Products
Carbon Dioxide, Water, Energy (ATP)
Chloroplast
Location
Mitochondria

10. Equations

11. Energy is stored in Bonds
ATP
Cells CANNOT use glucose…it must first be converted to
Adenosine Triphosphate:

12. Aerobic, fermentation, lactic acid, alcohol & Co2, 32 ATP
Fermentation AKA Anaerobic
Aerobic
32 ATP Produced!!!
Lactic Acid OR
Alcohol & CO2

13. How would you answer??

14. What chemical bond in ATP releases energy when broken?
Can You recall??
What chemical bond in ATP releases energy when broken?
A) phosphate
B) sulfur
C) oxygen
D) potassium

15. What chemical bond in ATP releases energy when broken?
Can You recall??
What chemical bond in ATP releases energy when broken?
A) phosphate
B) sulfur
C) oxygen
D) potassium

16. CAN you recall??
Name the three types of passive transport
Osmosis

17. Can You Recall??
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Isotonic

18. Which of the following diagrams accurately represents the use of gases in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis? A) B) C) D)

19. Which of the following diagrams accurately represents the use of gases in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis? A) B) C) D)

20. A) Only species Y is aerobic. B) Only species Y is anaerobic.
Two different species of bacteria are examined. Scientists find that species X always produces CO2 and H2O during cellular respiration. Species Y always produces ethyl alcohol and CO2. Which conclusion can be made from these observations?
A) Only species Y is aerobic.
B) Only species Y is anaerobic.
C) Both species X and Y are aerobic.
D) Both species X and Y are anaerobic.

21. B) Only species Y is anaerobic.
Two different species of bacteria are examined. Scientists find that species X always produces CO2 and H2O during cellular respiration. Species Y always produces ethyl alcohol and CO2. Which conclusion can be made from these observations?
A) Only species Y is aerobic.
B) Only species Y is anaerobic.
C) Both species X and Y are aerobic.
D) Both species X and Y are anaerobic.