2. THE ENVIRONMENT THAT INFLUENCES NURSING CARE2
S E C T I O N
THE ENVIRONMENT THAT INFLUENCES NURSING CARE

3. POLICY: ASSESSMENT, DEVELOPMENT, ANALYSIS, AND EVALUATION7
C H A P T E R
POLICY: ASSESSMENT, DEVELOPMENT, ANALYSIS, AND EVALUATION

4. Policy Overview Entity vs. Process (Figure 7-1)
Nurses both evaluate policy and participate in the process.

5. Policy Process Assessment Development Analysis Evaluation
See Figure 7-3 and Table 7-1

6. Policy Process (cont.)
Diagram of the
Four Steps in the
Policy Process

7. Types of Policy
Public
Private
See Figure 7-4

8. Types of Policy (cont.) Policy may be categorized as
public or private.

9. Policy Assessment Problem, issue, or need is defined
Stakeholders identified
Objectives and outcomes are described

10. Ethical and Legal Issues
Directly addressed by policies
Develop when policies are not followed

11. Advanced Practice Nursing Issues
Scope of practice
Educational preparation

12. Policy Development Data collected and analyzed Research reviewed
Stakeholders consulted
Plan of action selected

13. Nursing Contributions to Policy
Expert knowledge
An understanding of patient experiences
Ability to work and communicate with people

14. Barriers to Nurse Involvement
May be viewed as less intellectual
Political involvement not valued by nurses
May not identify themselves as nurses when working on issues

15. Evidence Based Policy Process
Change based on valid and reliable data
Sources of data: science, providers, consumers
Case Scenario 7-1 gives the students the opportunity to incorporate evidence based research in developing a policy change.

16. Policy Analysis Description of the policy/policy area
Assessment of the impact
Investigation of the consequences
Evaluation of the policy’s impact
Recommendation of a course of action

17. Models for Policy Analysis
Steps/Stages Model (Figure 7-7)
Multiple Streams Framework (Figure 7-8)
Advocacy-Coalition Framework (Figure 7-9)
Policy Analysis Model (Figure 7-10)
Writing Exercise 7-2 has the student analyze an issue using one of the models.

18. Models for Policy Analysis (cont.)
The modified
steps/stages
model of
policy analysis

19. Models for Policy Analysis (cont.)
The first phase
of the policy analysis
model involves a
comprehensive assessment
of the problem and all
related issues.

20. Policy Evaluation How well a policy met the goals and objectives
Should consider ethics, research, and role of caring
Writing Exercise 7-3 has the students evaluate an institutional policy.

21. Nurse Involvement in Policy
Policy process is similar to nursing process
Many opportunities to participate (Figure 7-11)

22. Nurse Involvement in Policy (cont.)
Nurses can become
involved in the policy
process in
different ways.