1. Cycles of Matter

2. Elements That Compose the Human Body and Other Organisms

3. Flow of Energy vs. Flow of Matter
Flow of energy is one way, even though it may be tied up on earth for a very long time.
Matter is recycled via biogeochemical cycles.
-bio: life
-geo: planetary processes
-chemical: chemistry
Very little matter enters or leaves the biosphere.

6. 4 Main Processes in the Carbon Cycle
1: Biological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration and decomposition of plants and animals
2: Geochemical processes, such as photosynthesis, respiration, volcanic activity, dissolving and release from oceans and other bodies of water, and decomposition of organisms and their wastes

7. ….continued….
3: Deposition: mixed biogeochemical processes, such as the burial of carbon rich remains that may become fossilized (fossil fuels)
4: Human activity: mining, burning fossil fuels, cutting and burning of forests

11. Composition of Earth’s Atmosphere

12. Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen fixation: process of putting nitrogen in a form that is usable to organisms. Nitrogen fixing bacteria of nodules of legumes responsible for much of this.
Denitrification: Process of breaking down nitrogen compounds and releasing nitrogen gas back into the atmosphere.

15. Phosphorous Cycle

17. Limiting Nutrient:
The first thing that you run out is what is going to stop you.
Good in nature. Nitrogen is the main limiting nutrient in the ocean.
Phosphorous is typically the limiting nutrient in fresh water ecosystems, such as lakes, rivers, etc. There are others as well though.
Too much phosphorous from fertilizer, etc. often is the cause of algal blooms.
Some algal blooms are harmful and even toxic. These are called harmful blooms or “HAB’s.”

21. Red Tide