1. West Virginia Solar Congress
Electric Vehicles
Driving on Sunshine
Why should West Virginia care about electric cars?
West Virginia Solar Congress 1 1 1

2. Electric Autos are not a New Concept
First, some background on electric cars.
Here we see a 1909 Baker Electric driven by its owner.
Who is driving?
1909 Baker Electric
That’s over ONE HUNDRED Years Ago 2 2 2

3. Even in the Modern Era… They’ve been around for OVER TWENTY YEARS
GM EV-1
Toyota RAV4 EV
A limited attempt was made in the late 20th century to re-start the electric car maket.
Production and sales was extremely limited, With some exceptions, only folks in the movie industry could get their hands on one. Tom Hanks drove one.
But GM only leased the cars, and after the leases expired, the program was canceled and the EV-1 met a sad fate.
They’ve been
around for
OVER TWENTY YEARS 3 3 3

4. 2018-2019 Top Selling Plug-In Vehicle
Tesla Model 3 4 4 4

5. Best Selling Plug-In Vehicles ‘11-17
Nissan Leaf
Chevy Volt 5 5 5

6. 2017-2019 Plug-In Hybrids Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid
Mitsubishi Outlander Hybrid 6 6 6

7. EVs on Solar In West Virginia Plugged-in, near Capon Bridge,
Hampshire County,
West Virginia 7 7 7

8. Huntington to Baltimore
And Return

9. So, Why is Electric Making a Comeback?
Advances in Electrical Drive Systems and Batteries 9 9 9

10. So, Why is Electric Making a Comeback?
Advances in Electrical Drive Systems and Batteries
Electric is very Convenient – especially for Urban Commuters who charge at home. 10 10 10

11. So, Why is Electric Making a Comeback?
Advances in Electrical Drive Systems and Batteries
Electric is very Convenient – especially for Urban Commuters who charge at home
Very Affordable on a Day-to-Day Basis 11 11 11

12. So, Why is Electric Making a Comeback?
Advances in Electrical Drive Systems and Batteries
Electric is very Convenient – especially for Urban Commuters who charge at home
Very Affordable on a Day-to-Day Basis
Almost No Drive-Train Maintenance 12 12 12

13. So, Why is Electric Making a Comeback?
Advances in Electrical Drive Systems and Batteries
Electric is very Convenient – especially for Urban Commuters who charge at home
Very Affordable on a Day-to-Day Basis
Almost No Drive-Train Maintenance
No tailpipe emissions on electric 13 13 13

14. So, Why is Electric Making a Comeback?
Advances in Electrical Drive Systems and Batteries
Electric is very Convenient – especially for Urban Commuters who charge at home
Very Affordable on a Day-to-Day Basis
Almost No Drive-Train Maintenance
No tailpipe emissions on electric
Lower total emissions – CO2, ozone, metals 14 14 14

15. So, Why is Electric Making a Comeback?
Advances in Electrical Drive Systems and Batteries
Electric is very Convenient – especially for Urban Commuters who charge at home
Very Affordable on a Day-to-Day Basis
Almost No Drive-Train Maintenance
No tailpipe emissions on electric
Lower total emissions – CO2, ozone, metals
REALLY, REALLY FUN TO DRIVE 15 15 15

16. So, Why is Electric Making a Comeback?
IN SUMMARY
Electric Cars are coming back because of
PERFORMANCE
SUSTAINABILITY 16 16 16

17. Why should We care about electric cars?
Positive for US & W.Va. Economics
Reduce Imported Oil 17 17 17

18. Why should We care about electric cars?
Positive for US & W.Va. Economics
Reduce Imported Oil – Eliminate 500 gals gas per EV/yr
Limited effect on the Electrical Grid 18 18 18

19. Most EVs are Charged at Home
At NIGHT!
And miss
this peak
Electric car
charging can be
programmed to
fill this dip
This graph is an example of power usage in the US. It certainly doesn't show a high air conditioning day in the Midwest But it does show the how the power demand varies over the day, and how EV's could impact the demand.
A study by the Electric Power Research Institute showed that with incentives to charge off-peak, a car fleet with 30% electric vehicles (52 million vehicles) should only increase peak power usage by 1% . All the rest of the charging, with proper incentives, could occur off-peak.
Product ID:
Date Published:22-Dec-2008
A study of the Pecan Street electric village near Austin Texas produced real data from 30 homes owning 31 electric cars showed with Time-of-Day pricing only 12% of charging occurred at peak rates. 19 19

20. Why should We care about electric cars?
Positive for US & W.Va. Economics
Reduce Imported Oil – Eliminate 500 gals gas per EV/yr
Limited effect on the Electrical Grid – Charged at night
Powered by West Virginia energy sources:
Coal, Natural Gas, or SUNSHINE. 20 20 20

21. Why should We care about electric cars?
Positive for US & W.Va. Economics
Reduce Imported Oil – Eliminate 500 gals gas per EV/yr
Limited effect on the Electrical Grid – Charged at night
Powered by West Virginia energy sources:
Coal, Natural Gas, or SUNSHINE. 21 21 21

22. Why should We care about electric cars?
Positive for US & W.Va. Economics
Reduce Imported Oil – Eliminate 500 gals gas per EV/yr
Limited effect on the Electrical Grid – Charged at night
Powered by West Virginia energy sources:
Coal, Natural Gas, or SUNSHINE.
EVs can use power from the grid, or 22 22 22

23. Why should We care about electric cars?
Positive for US & W.Va. Economics
Reduce Imported Oil – Eliminate 500 gals gas per EV/yr
Limited effect on the Electrical Grid – Charged at night
Powered by West Virginia energy sources:
Coal, Natural Gas, or SUNSHINE.
EVs can use power from the electrical grid, or
EVs can use power from rooftop solar 23 23 23

24. Why should We care about electric cars?
Positive for US & W.Va. Economics
Reduce Imported Oil – Eliminate 500 gals gas per EV/yr
Limited effect on the Electrical Grid – Charged at night
Powered by West Virginia energy sources:
Coal, Natural Gas, or SUNSHINE.
EVs can use power from the electrical grid, or
EVs can use power from rooftop solar
Typical EV needs 11 kW-hr/day (on average)
3,300 watt solar array will allow 100% driving on sunshine (on average) 24 24 24

25. Why should We care about electric cars?
Positive for US & W.Va. Economics
Reduce Imported Oil – Eliminate 500 gals gas per EV/yr
Limited effect on the Electrical Grid – Charged at night
Powered by West Virginia energy sources:
Coal, Natural Gas, or SUNSHINE.
EVs can use power from the electrical grid, or
EVs can use power from rooftop solar
Typical EV needs 11 kW-hr/day (on average)
3,300 watt solar array will allow 100% driving on sunshine (on average)
Even driving on power made from coal, an EV is cleaner than a gas or diesel vehicle. 25 25 25

26. Why should We care about electric cars?
CO2 Emission – Daily Average – 34 miles / day
Combustion Vehicle using KY Gasoline – 28 lb CO2/day
EV on power from WV Coal – 21 lb CO2/day
EV on power from WV Natural Gas – 11 lb CO2/day
EV on West Virginia Solar – 0 lb CO2/day 26 26 26

27. So, What’s It Cost to Operate?
Running Costs per 1,000 miles
Chevy Volt:
Power: $15 - $30
Gasoline: $10 - $30
Tesla or Nissan Leaf:
Power: $40 - $50

28. So, What’s It Cost to Operate?
Running Costs per 1,000 miles
Chevy Volt:
Power: $15 - $30
Gasoline: $10 - $30
Tesla, Leaf or Bolt EV:
Power: $40 - $50
$15.71
Marty's March Gasoline
Bill

29. So, What’s It Cost to Drive on Sunshine?

30. Where is the US Electric Car market?
There are 1.2 million plug-in cars NOW in USA
42 models across 15 brands – Today
More than 100 new models in pipeline
From GM, Ford, Nissan, BMW, Audi, VW, Volvo, Jaguar, Porsche, Tesla and others

31. Where is the US Electric Car market?
There are 785,000 plug-in cars NOW in USA
43 models across 15 brands – Today
More than 100 new models in pipeline
From GM, Ford, Nissan, BMW, Audi, VW, Volvo, Jaguar, Porsche, Tesla and others
How Many EV’s charge on solar today?

32. Where is the US Electric Car market?
There are 785,000 plug-in cars NOW in USA
43 models across 15 brands – Today
More than 100 new models in pipeline
From GM, Ford, Nissan, BMW, Audi, VW, Volvo, Jaguar, Porsche, Tesla and others
How Many EV’s charge on solar today?
Probably about 25%

33. Why should We care about Electric Cars?
Tourism is a Driver in West Virginia
Public Charging Stations are bringing Drivers to
W.Va.’s Tourism Destinations

34. Why should We care about Electric Cars?
Tourism is a Driver in West Virginia
Overnight guests at Pipestem Resort State Park
photo by Dr. Darren Harris

35. Why should We care about Electric Cars?
Tourism is a Driver in West Virginia
Charging at Canaan Resort State Park 35 35

36. IN SUMMARY EVs are Here & More are On the Way
Advances in Electrical Drive Systems and Batteries
Electric is very Convenient – especially for Job Commuting
Very Affordable on a Day-to-Day Basis
Much Reduced Vehicle Maintenance
REALLY, REALLY FUN to DRIVE!
West Virginia stands to benefit:
Sustainable Travel
Reduced Oil Imports
Grid Friendly Electrical Consumption
Market Boosts Available for Tourism and Retail Sales 36 36

37. West Virginia Solar Congress
Electric Vehicles
Driving on Sunshine
West Virginia Solar Congress 37 37