1. Industrial Revolution

2. Before Industrialization
What comes to mind when we think of “Industrialization”? Positives? Negatives?
Manuel labor with animals
Exploration looked to gain only gold, silver, spices
War was waged for religion and conquering natives
Products made slowly and surely in homes

3. What changed? Agricultural (population) Revolution 1730+
HUGE population jump
Population of France up 50%, England and Russia up 100% in a decade span!
Infant mortality rate reduced by a full ten percent! (40%-30%) *IMPORTANT*
Why?? – improved nutrition (Potato was key!) + better/more distinct borders so less disease spread
Longer lives = more babies
Developments in science, medicine, and the WORLD ECONOMY!
RESULT: POPULATION PRESSURES INNOVATION

4. Where it all starts: great britain
Why GB?
Another accident of geography! England had TONS of valuable resources such as COAL, IRON, AND WATER
Colonies – GB had lots of lucrative (money making) colonies. Countries now looked to extract RAW MATERIALS from colonies
Government “”””support”””” of business – in other words, laisses faire economics, where regulation was low, exploitation was high, but money was being made $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$!
Privatization – Enclosure Acts
Small family owned farm land, that was used to feed the many, was sold to wealthy farmers/companies – Where did these farmers go without land???

5. Factors of Production LAND – NATURAL RESOURCES, WATERWAYS, COLONIES
LABOR – PEOPLE! THE FOLKS WHO MAKE THE GOODS AND WORK THE MACHINES
CAPITAL – MONEY/MACHINES/PEOPLE/IDEAS A BUSINESS HAS TO BE SUCCESSFUL

6. Innovation in tExtiles
Perfect example of Industrialization is in the TEXTILE industry.
Before industrialization:
“Cottage Industry” – domestic system
Slow, textiles made by hand at home
2-3 workers – crank out maybe 100 goods a day
Industrialization:
New machines help create textiles FASTER and more EFFICIENTLY
Machines BIG and expensive, so must move out of the home into……….

7. Innovation in textiles (cont)
….FACTORIES!
Could now make thousands of goods a day!
Inventions
1. Spinning Jenny – James Hargreaves
Spun multiple threads at a time!
However, threads still thick and broke
easily

8. Innovation in textiles (cont)
Inventions
2. Spinning Frame! – Richard Arkwright
Similar to Spinning Jenny, but improved upon (MAJOR THEME)
Spun stronger, thinner threads
3. Cotton Gin – Eli Whitney
Machine that removes seeds from cotton – who did this work?
Innovation to solve injustice (meh) – made it worse

9. Innovations in POWWWWWWWWWWWWWWER
Steam Engine – LITERALLY powers the Industrial Revolution, without it, no other innovation is possible
How steam works:
Steam created when water is heated to vapor
Water vapor expands when hot
That expansion creates ENERGY

10. Innovations in POWWWWWWWWWWWWWWER
Steam Engine – CREATED BY Thomas Newcomen in 1712
His version was specifically for use in mines – bulky and inefficient
Improved (see? It happens a lot) by James Watt
His fit and worked better in factories
Steam BOAT – used steam power to transport people and goods!
Robert Fulton

11. Affects of Industrialization
New Innovations and technology that REVOLUTIONIZE industry/the world
Technology will improve at an exponential rate forever ™
Large industrial nations make war (millions die  ) to win the industrialization game (rivalries between superpowers)
Pollution that has never stopped! Woohoo! (coal is especially dirty and bad)
Factory waste as well!
Money and power now in the hands of wealthy industrialists – will they care if people/earth dies?
Inequality and the illusion of choice