1. Psychology 40S Emotions C. McMurray

2. Emotion
The word emotion comes from the Latin word meaning “to move.” First, the body is physically aroused during emotion. Such bodily stirrings are what cause us to say we were “moved” by a play, a funeral, or an act of kindness. Second, we are often motivated, or moved to take action, by emotions such as fear, anger or joy.
Source: Psychology A Journey (Nelson)

3. Emotion Emotions are a mix of: physical arousal expressive behaviors
conscious experience
For example, when I am happy…
Preview Question 1: What are the components of an emotion?

4. List all of the emotions you have experienced today

5. Emotion Emotions are states of feeling.
They are our body’s adaptive response.
Emotions are linked to many basic adaptive behaviours, such as attacking, fleeing, seeking comfort, helping others, reproducing etc. Such behaviours help us survive and adjust to changing conditions. Of course, emotions can have negative effects. Stage fright or choking up in sports can spoil performances. Hate, anger, contempt, disgust and fear disrupt behaviour and relationships.
Source: Psychology A Journey (Nelson)

6. Emotions List as many emotions as you can think of…
Acceptance Affection Aggression Ambivalence Apathy Anxiety Anger Boredom Confusion Curiosity Disgust Depression Doubt Ecstasy Empathy Envy Embarrassment Euphoria Fear Forgiveness Frustration Gratitude Grief Guilt Hatred Hope Horror Hostility Homesickness Hunger Hysteria Interest Joy Loneliness Love Paranoia Pity Pleasure Pride Rage Regret Remorse Sadness Shame Suffering Surprise Sympathy
List as many emotions as you can think of…

7. Basic Emotions
Acceptance Affection Aggression Ambivalence Apathy Anxiety Anger Boredom Confusion Curiosity Disgust Depression Doubt Ecstasy Empathy Envy Embarrassment Euphoria Fear Forgiveness Frustration Gratitude Grief Guilt Hatred Hope Horror Hostility Homesickness Hunger Hysteria Interest Joy Loneliness Love Paranoia Pity Pleasure Pride Rage Regret Remorse Sadness Shame Suffering Surprise Sympathy

8. Recipe for Handling Relationships Smoothly
“Be angry with the right person, to the right degree, at the right time, for the right purpose, and in the right way.” (Aristotle, Greek philosopher)

9. Expressed Emotion
Emotions are expressed on the face, by the body, and by the intonation of voice. Is this nonverbal language of emotion universal?
Preview Question 5: How do we communicate nonverbally?

10. Expressed Emotion
Are emotional expressions a carryover from earlier stages of human evolution?
Charles Darwin thought so. Darwin observed that angry tigers, monkeys, dogs and humans all bare their teeth in the same way.
Darwin believed that emotional expressions evolved to communicate our feelings to other, which aids survival. Such messages give us valuable hints about what other people are likely to do next.
Preview Question 5: How do we communicate nonverbally?

11. Detecting Emotion
Most of us are good at deciphering emotions through nonverbal communication. In a crowd of faces a single angry face will “pop out” faster than a single happy face. Presumably, we are especially sensitive to threatening faces because they warn us of possible harm.

13. Paul Ekman

14. Outsmart Evolution and Master Your Emotions

15. Expressed Emotion
Facial expressions of fear, anger, disgust, sadness and happiness (enjoyment) are recognized around the world. Do we learn facial expressions from others or are we born with them?

16. Emotions present at birth:
Experienced Emotion
Emotions present at birth:
Patrick Donehue/ Photo Researchers, Inc.
Bob Daemmrich/ The Image Works
Tom McCarthy/ Rainbow
Lew Merrim/ Photo Researchers, Inc.
Nancy Brown/ The Image Bank
Marc Grimberg/ The Image Bank
Michael Newman/ PhotoEdit

18. 2 Routes to Emotion
Source:

19. Fear Response The amygdala responds to threats
Our prefrontal cortex can help us to assess the threat BUT…when the amygdala is over-stimulated, it overrides or hijacks the prefrontal cortex. When this happens our fear and or anger can seem out of control, our brain has disengaged the prefrontal cortex!
So what can you do…

20. BREATHE!

21. Name It!
Saying the emotion we are having helps to re-engage the prefrontal cortex so we can think more clearly.
Naming helps us understand how to use our emotions to help us.

23. Brain Games: Fear Response Teenage Brain The Anger Game

24. Can You be Scared to Death?
ASAP Science

25. Fear or Phobia?
DNews: Fear or Phobia

26. Brain Fact
Fear and Phobias are learned behaviours. Gradual gentle exposure and re-framing can remove fears and phobias.

27. Why is Being Scared So Fun?
Watch

28. Anger What makes you angry? Why does it make you angry?
What do you do to alleviate anger?

29. Anger In excess, can lead to heart disease BUT
Can also help people alleviate problems in a healthy manner

30. Do you agree or disagree?
Catharsis
Catharsis is an emotional release
Catharsis Hypothesis
Releasing aggressive energy through action or fantasy relieves aggressive urges
Do you agree or disagree?

31. What does the research say?
Expressing anger breeds more anger
Hitting a punching bag leads to more cruelty
Venting anger may lead to more hostility
“Venting to reduce anger is like using gasoline to put out a fire.” Brad Bushman

32. How should you handle anger?
1. Wait 2. Deal with anger in a way that involves neither being chronically angry over every little annoyance nor passively sulking

33. Facial Feedback Hypothesis

34. Facial Feedback

35. Micha laughing at sister crying
Happiness
People who are happy perceive the world as being safer. They are able to make decisions easily, are more cooperative, rate job applicants more favorably, and live healthier, energized, and more satisfied lives.
Micha laughing at sister crying
Preview Question 10: What are the causes and consequences of happiness?

36. Feel-Good, Do-Good Phenomenon
When we feel happy we are more willing to help others.

37. Predictors of Happiness
Why are some people generally more happy than others?

38. Emotional Intelligence
Emotional Intelligence is a combination of skills, such as empathy, self-control and self-awareness. Such skills can make us more flexible, adaptable, emotionally mature. People who excel in life tend to be emotionally intelligent.

39. Emotionally Intelligent People
Self-awareness (tuned in to their own feelings)
Empathy (perceive emotions in others)
Manage emotions (ability to manage your own emotions and those of others)
4. Understand emotions (know what causes various emotions, what they mean and how they affect behaviour)
Use emotions (use their feelings to enhance thinking and decision making)
Page 397 Nelson’s Psychology A Journey

40. Marshmallow Test
Walter Mischel (1972) presented the marshmallow delemma to preschoolers at Stanford University. “You can have this marshmallow now if you want, but if you don’t eat it until after I run an errand, you can have two.”

41. Videos: Marshmallow test 2 Zimbardo: marshmallow test explained
Watch marshmallow

42. Marshmallow Test Explained
Self-control often requires that we ignore immediate rewards in favor of larger, delayed rewards. Compared to the children who failed the marshmallow test, the children who passed it demonstrated greater personal and social competence in adulthood. Consideration of the future consequences of one’s behaviour seems to be associated with better health, greater job success, and stonger interpersonal relations. Self-control may be the master virtue.
Source: Pursuing Human Strengths

43. Marshmallow Test and Emotional Intelligence
How does Emotional Intelligence have anything to do with the Marshmallow Test?