1. Towards a Water Scarcity & Drought Indicator System (WSDiS)
Maggie Kossida – ETC/Water

2. Presentation Outline
A. Water Scarcity & Drought Indicators System (WSDiS)
Needs and Objectives
Methodological approach
Process and current state
Examples for Pilot case studies
Links to the SEEAW (water accounts)
B. WQ Reporting (WISE-SoE#3)
Basic concepts
Summary of requested data

3. Indicators for what? Drought and Water Scarcity
Water Scarcity is a phenomenon that is associated with drought: fragile balance between water resources availability and demand.
Water Scarcity is at the same time a social and environmental phenomenon and hence more manageable with policy instruments; an area to benefit from a Science-Policy Interface (SPI).
There is a gap of knowledge and tools at the EU level on Water Scarcity and a lack of reliable information (EU COM, 2007), thus the formulation of an indicators’ framework would support a common basis for policy

4. Objectives of a WSDiS:
Reliable information appropriate temporal and spatial resolution) required for decision-making
A basis for assessment of WS conditions taking into account both demand, supply and availability issues (i.e. both socioeconomic and environmental dimensions)
Supported by data from MS and Stakeholders, as well as the water accounts output
Scientifically sound and representative indicators
Operationally useful indices based on multiple indicators

5. Methodological approach in developing a WSDiS
Need to ground the selection of specific indicators in the problem at hand, rather than proceed in selecting indicators abstractly.
Avoid long lists of indicators, which may have been “correct” but not necessarily relevant.
This complexity requires a step-by-step approach in developing indicators: allow questions of relevance and completeness to be answered throughout.
Adopt a top-down approach but also test in pilot areas (bottom-up)

6. Final set of indicators (narrowed down)
Problem identification and definition
Drought and Water Scarcity (environmental and socio-economic dimension)
Steps followed in developing the WSDiS
Selecting an appropriate thinking framework for the development and categorisation of indicators (DPSIR)
Implies a certain causality, Allows for feedback loops
Adopting a sector-based approach (better links to the economy and water accounts)
A series of main water uses is identified and is used as a check list to populate the DPSIR w/indicators
Domestic, Agriculture, Industry, Energy, Tourism
first comprehensive list of indicators
Final set of indicators (narrowed down)
Creation of fact sheets
Screening criteria development (e.g. clarity, data availability, integration, diagnostic ability etc.
Testing with Pilot RBs

7. WSDiS: Process and current state (√)
Domestic Water Supply
Industry
Energy
Agriculture
Tourism
Legislative
Technical
Economic
RESPONSES
Educational
STATE
Land cover
Status of water bodies
Water quantity
Infrastructure
Anomalies in physical parameters
PRESSURES
Water demand (water use, water abstraction)
Pressure on water supply infrastructure
Land cover change
Pollution
Climatic changes
DRIVERS
Environmental
Water resources
IMPACTS
Socio-economic
Drivers result in pressures
Responses can change a driver
Responses can be a driver for change
Impacts call for responses
Responses can mitigate impacts
Pressures have impacts
Which (adversely) change the state
Which we understand by monitoring the state
Changes of state have impacts
Legislative
Technical
Economic
RESPONSES
Educational
Water quantity
STATE
Infrastructure
Land cover
Status of water bodies
Population
Education
Anomalies in physical parameters
PRESSURES
Water demand (water use, water abstraction)
Water supply infrastructure
Land cover change
Pollution
Population Growth
Climatic changes
DRIVERS
Tourism Infrastructure
Socio-economic
Environmental
Water resources
IMPACTS
Drivers result in pressures
Responses can change a driver
Responses can be a driver for change
Impacts call for responses
Responses can mitigate impacts
Pressures have impacts
Which (adversely) change the state
Which we understand by monitoring the state
Changes of state have impacts √ √ √ √ √
First comprehensive set of indicators for each use √ √ √ √ √ √
Data availability Survey
Screening of indicators for each use (narrowed down) Based on specific criteria (e.g. suitability, data availability, reproducibility, capacity if integration, clarity, diagnostic ability etc.
PILOT RBDs testing
Final set of indicators Assessments

8. Pilot testing the WSDiS in Cyprus
Comparing the two indicators we can see that the EI depicts more unsustainable conditions as the annual availability is over exceeded by abstraction, and this trend is increasing over the years making the system more vulnerable
GW abstractions have been increasing from by 26% while the aquifer recharge has been declining
SW abstractions have been increasing while inflow has been declining

9. Desalinated water increases rapidly by 121%, and in 2008 and 2009 it constitutes the major sources of domestic water.
High dependency  link to water pricing
The domestic water use increases at a much higher rate of 65% (non-linear to demographic increase), which clearly show that the average per capita consumption is increasing. This shows to be proportional to the income/capita increase

10. The driving forces for the increase in water consumption associated with tourism is the build up of tourism facilities which use a lot of water for their maintenance (not the actual consumption that the tourists do).
Lessons learned on indicators e.g..:
Nights spent Vs. tourist arrivals
Living conditions
INTEGRATION

11. WISE-SoE Stable Data Flow
WQ Reporting (SoE#3) – WSDiS - Water accounts
WISE-SoE Stable Data Flow
WSDiS
Water Accounts
Water accounts provide basic information for the derivation of many water-related indicators.
The water accounts framework can ensure consistency of the indicators and the ability to study further the interlinkages and causes of change, as well as scenario modeling.

12. The “WQ Reporting Tool” for the SoE#3 reporting
Basic concepts:
Regional & temporal disaggregation
minimum spatial reporting unit = SUBUNIT
minimum temporal reporting scale = MONTH
Streamlining with JQ IWA
Reporting Flexibility
User friendly – no installation required
Coherent and comprehensive data flow
Help manual & Online Help
Import routines
Pre-filling

13. SoE#3 requested datasets (in summary)

14. The WQ Reporting Tool - views

15. Thank you !