1. Sculpture Park Metals

2. The Periodic Table

3. What are metals used for?

4. What did you spot? Car – steel, aluminium and other metals
Plane – titanium
Golf clubs – steel and titanium
Band instruments – brass
Zimmerframe – aluminium
Person using zimmerframe – hip replacement
Horse shoes – iron
Frying pan – copper, stainless steel
Jewellery – gold, siver, alloys
Drinks can – aluminium
Mobile phone – various metals
Glasses – shaped memory alloy
Wheelchair – aluminium
Bench - steel

5. Why are metals important?
Metals are a highly valuable group of materials, used for hundreds of products.
Aluminium – 57,600,000 tonnes produced in 2016
The production of copper has increased more than 20x in the twentieth century.
Gold is worth more than $ (NZD) per kilogram.
Metals have played a vital role in human development.
Periods of civilisation are even classified by the metals that were used during those times; Bronze age, Iron Age

7. How are different metals used?
Different metals are selected for different jobs because of their different properties.
Al Au Cu Fe Ti
For each of the metals above, list one property and link this to its use eg iron – used to make swords as can be easily melted, moulded, shaped and worked.

8. What else can metals be used for?
Not all metal uses are obvious:
- Used as a catalyst to speed up reactions.
- Nickel is used as a catalyst to make margarine.
- Platinum is used in catalytic converters in car engines to clean up exhaust fumes and reduce pollution.
Compounds containing metals have many uses, eg metal compounds are used to colour materials including stained glass and even make- up!

10. What decides what metals are used for?
Its’ properties.
Cost eg Silver is a better conductor than Copper, but much more expensive (Silver - $17.70/oz, Copper - $2.87/oz, Gold - $1324/oz, Platimum - $ /oz)
Extraction method – can greatly affect the price and availability
eg Aluminium only became a commonly used metal in the late 19th Century as better extraction methods made it cheaper.

11. What are the properties of metals?
Solid at room temperature
High melting point
Good conductor of heat and electricity
Malleable
Ductile
Strong
Dense

14. What is corrosion?
The gradual destruction of a metal due to its reaction with other chemicals to the environment.
Over time, corrosion changes the appearance of the metal as it breaks down and becomes weaker.
Corrosion can seriously damage metallic objects and structures.
Coating the surface of a metal with paint and certain chemicals can protect it from corrosion.
Corrosion effects - ppt

20. Animation – slide 27 Sculpture park ng

22. How does oxidation happen?
Most metals are oxidized by the oxygen in air.
This process is called corrosion.
Electrons leap from the metal to the oxygen molecules.
The negative oxygen ions which are thus formed penetrate into the metal, causing the growth of an oxide surface.
As the oxide layer grows the rate of electron transfer decreases.
The corrosion stops and the metal is made passive.
The oxidation process may continue, however, if the electrons succeed in entering the metal through cracks or impurities in the metal or if the oxide layer is dissolved.

23. Oxidation