1. Industrial Revolution
1750 to 1900

2. Before Europe had an agrarian culture Few people lived in cities
They made items with their hands

3. Agricultural Revolution came first
Enclosure movement
New methods and tools
Crop rotation

4. The Industrial Revolution
The increased output of machine-made goods
Production of goods moved out of the home and into factories
This movement changed the economic, social, and political history of the world
It would eventually define the success of the western world

5. Causes of the Industrial Revolution
Science!
Many advances in agriculture, machines and techniques
More food, less need for workers
Demand for consumer goods
Textile industry – first to start using machines
Factories emerged to house the machines

6. Where? First in Great Britain Why? Iron and coal
Government encouragement
Leading trading nation
Intellectual and social climate
transportation

7. The rest of Europe and then the world
Then it spread to the rest of Europe (west to east)

8. New Conditions Emerged
Life in a European factory was hard
Factory workers were poorly paid and had to work many hours to feed their families -12 to 16 hour workday, 6 days a week
No protection for workers –no compensation for injuries, very dangerous
Some get rich off of the system, most stay poor

10. Period of Urbanization
People moved from the countryside to the cities and new cities developed almost overnight
Crowded, sanitation issues, crime
Impersonal, no nature, black clouds
The governments did not address these problems immediately

12. Economic Ideologies Adam Smith 1776 Wealth of Nations
Challenged the ideas of mercantilism
Free enterprise, no government intervention (laissez- faire)
Competition/ supply and demand
This is capitalism

13. The challenge to capitalism
Socialism- government involvement in money matters; the goal of economics should be for the good and betterment of the people

14. Marxism Capitalism was blamed for problems of industrialism
1848 Communist Manifesto (Marx and Engels)
According to Marx, capitalism is bad, greed will divide
Communism- the abolishment of private property
Public ownership, public owns all land and means of production
Scientific socialism

15. Marx (continued)
History is shaped by economics (the freemen and slaves of antiquity, the lords and serfs of the Middle Ages)
Bourgeoisie (owners) vs. proletariat (workers)
Haves (bourgeoisie) and have-nots (proletariats)
He believed the proletariat would unite and revolt; this would be a global revolution!!

16. However…
The problems and conditions did improve with laws and labor unions
The standard of living improved
Nationalism, not capitalism, would be on people’s minds
But later on in Russia…