1. OPTIMA Optimisation for Sustainable Water Resources Management
The Case of the Gediz River in Turkey
11-12 November 2005
Casablanca

2. Water Supply: 1100 MCM 647 m3 per capita
Population:
Istanbul
Extent: km2
Current water supply
Surface
52 mm
(940 MCM)
Ground
9 mm
(160 MCM)
Treated
Not Available
Rainfall
700 mm
Gediz Basin
Izmir
Water Supply: 1100 MCM 647 m3 per capita
Current water demand
Agriculture
39 mm
(695 MCM)
Industry
3 mm
(54 MCM)
Environ.Wetland
0.2 mm
(3.6 MCM)
Domestic
7.4 mm
(133 MCM
Water Demand: 886 MCM 521 m3 per capita

3. Boundaries and Municipalities
Akhisar
Saruhanli
Manisa
Golmarmara
Menemen
Turgutlu
Salihli
Ahmetli
Alasehir
IZMIR
Kemalpasa

4. LAKES, RESERVOIRS and WEIRS

5. INCREASING WATER DEMAND: COMPETITION AMONG USERS
KEY ISSUES
Demographic Change
Basin Population 1,5 % /year
“ ” “ ”
INTERNAL MIGRATION RURAL TO URBAN: RAPID URBANIZATION
Urban population 2% /year
Rural population 0.7% /year
Land Use Change
Urban Areas 2% /year
Industrial Areas 10% /year
INCREASING WATER DEMAND: COMPETITION AMONG USERS

6. “NO WATER MAY BE LEFT FOR FURTHER ALLOCATION!”
KEY ISSUES
Supply (61mm) Demand (49.6mm)
Domestic demand 0.15 mm/year, 2%
Industrial demand 0.3 mm/year, 10%
“NO WATER MAY BE LEFT FOR FURTHER ALLOCATION!”

7. Water Quality 60% of Surface Water 30% of Ground Water W. Q. CLASS IV
Discharges
Water Quality
60% of Surface Water
30% of Ground Water
“VERY POLLUTED!!”
W. Q. CLASS IV
(acc. Turkish W.Q.C. Standards)

8. SUMER CONTRIBUTION IN OPTIMA PROJECT
C07 SUMER, TURKEY
SUMER will contribute to;
the data compilation and analysis tasks, primarily for the hydrology and water resources components,
assist with model implementation,
run the Turkish case study for the Gediz river basin.

9. SUMER CONTRIBUTION IN OPTIMA PROJECT
Gediz Case Study:
Start month: 12
End month: 30
Total effort: 34
Deliverables:
D08.1: Gediz River: Problem Analysis Month: 25
D08.2: Gediz River: Optimization Results Month: 34

10. CONTRIBUTION TO STAKEHOLDERS DB

11. CONTRIBUTION TO STAKEHOLDERS DB

12. DEM SOIL MAP RIVER LAND COVER
WP05 LAND USE CHANGE: REMOTE SENSING AND GIS DATA
DEM
SOIL MAP
RIVER
LAND COVER

13. WP05 LAND USE CHANGE: REMOTE SENSING AND GIS DATA
METEO
FLOW by DSI
FLOW by EIE

14. WP05 LAND USE CHANGE: REMOTE SENSING AND GIS DATA
~30m spatial resolution Landsat TM (1987)
~30m spatial resolution Landsat ETM (2000)

15. WATERWARE STUDIES Topology is reviewed and updated
Settlements are included
Domestic water demands are added
Groundwater extractions from wells for domestic demand are included
Demand and release time series of reservoirs and irrigation districts are re-evaluated
River Basin Object entry and editing is in progress
Water quality data (BOD loads) of settlements and industrial districts are compiled
The producer (farmers) selling prices of crops and their yields are compiled

16. Topological View of the Previous Baseline Gediz Scenario
Demirkopru
Buldan
Marmara Lake
Alasehir Irrig.
Ahmetli Irrig.
Adala Irrig.
Menemen Irrig.
Wetland
Nif Tributary
Kumcay Tributary
Gordes Tributary
Afsar
Bay of Izmir

17. Topological View of the Recent Baseline Gediz Scenario
Demirkopru
Buldan
Marmara Lake
Alasehir Irrig.
Ahmetli Irrig.
Adala Irrig.
Menemen Irrig.
Wetland
Nif Tributary
Kumcay Tributary
Gordes Tributary
Afsar
Bay of Izmir

18. WATERWARE STUDIES Reservoirs: River Basin Objects
1) Demirkopru: supplies irrigation water, flood prevention, energy production during the irrigation season.
2) Afsar: provides irrigation water to Alasehir lowlands.
3) Buldan: provides irrigation water to Alasehir lowlands.
4) Marmara Lake
5) Gordes (under construction): supplies domestic water for the city of Izmir in addition to providing irrigation water within the basin.
6) Yigitler (under construction): supplies industrial water for the industrial district of Kemalpasa.

19. RESERVOIRS BULDAN AFSAR DEMIRKOPRU GORDES? MARMARA YIGITLER?
Bay of Izmir

21. Data on Reservoir Characteristics
Demirkopru Res.
Afsar Res.
Buldan Res.
Marmara Lake
Dam Height (m) 36 24 30
7.3
Flood Level (m)
Storage (106m3)
1022
83.5 44
321.36
Dead Storage (106m3)
88.4
5.2 3 15
Surface Area (km2) 45 5 68
Effective Area (km2)
45.7
6.38
68.2
Spill Capacity (m3/s)
200
118
190 65
Seepage Coefficient
0.2
0.25
0.1

22. River Basin Objects Irrigation Districts : Diversions:
1) Adala Left Bank
2) Adala Right Bank
3) Ahmetli Left Bank
4) Ahmetli Right Bank
5) Menemen Left Bank
6) Menemen Right Bank
7) Sarigol
8) Alasehir
Diversions:
Adala Weir
Ahmetli Weir
Emiralem Weir
Buldan Weir
Comlekci Weir
Industrial Districts:
Manisa Ind. Zone
Kemalpasa Ind. Zone
Memenen Leather Ind.
Wetland:
Izmir Bird Paradise

23. IRRIG. DISTRICTS,WEIRS,IND. ZONES and WETLAND
Adala
Alasehir Irrig.
Adala Irrig.
Comlekci
Ahmetli
Ahmetli Irrig.
Kemalpasa Ind. Zone
Manisa Org. Ind. Zone
Emiralem
Wetland
Menemen Leather Ind.
Menemen Irrig.
Bay of Izmir

25. Irrigation District
Area (ha)
(min-max)
Cotton (%)
Maize (%)
Grape (%)
Vegetables (%)
Fruits (%)
Cereals (%)
Adala Left Bank Irr. 30 63 5 - 2
Adala Right Bank Irr. 25 40 3
Ahmetli Left Bank Irr. 18 9
Ahmetli Right Bank Irr. 17 54 4
Menemen Left Bank Irr. 56
Menemen Right Bank Irr. 26 7 15
Sarigol Irr.
100
Alasehir Irr.

26. Yields and Average Farmer’s Prices of Crops
Yield (kg/ha)
Average Price (EU/kg)
Cotton
4027.5
0.68
Maize
4805
0.88
Grape
8035
0.17
Vegetables
26460
0.39
Cereals
6367.5
0.34
Fruits ?
No data is available for BOD loads of irrig. return flows
Water Supply Ratio (%)
Decrease in Yield (%) 80 4 70 8 60 15 50 23
Source: Menemen Agr. Hydr. Center

29. Daily BOD Loads of Industrial Discharges
District
BOD loads (kg/day)
Industrial
Kemalpasa Industrial Zone
4255
Manisa Org. Ind. Zone
8667
Menemen Leather Industrial
4833
Source: Nen Eng.&Cons., December 2001

31. River Basin Objects Settlements : Subcatchments: Aquifers:
1) Manisa (Gov. Centre)
2) Akhisar
3) Salihli
4) Turgutlu
5) Kemalpasa
6) Menemen
7) Saruhanli
8) Alasehir
9) Izmir
10) Golmarmara
11) Ahmetli
Subcatchments:
Demirkopru Upstream
Buldan Upstream
Afsar Upstream
Medar
Nif
Gordes
Yigitler
Aquifers:
Salihli-Turgutlu
Menemen
Sarikiz
Alasehir

32. SUBCATCHMENTS and SETTLEMENTS
Deliinis
Buldan
Afsar
Gordes
Alasehir
Salihli
Golmarmara
Medar
Yigitler
Ahmetli
Akhisar
Nif
Saruhanli
Turgutlu
Kemalpasa
Menemen
Bay of Izmir

34. Domestic Demand of Settlements
Name of the Settlement
1990 Pop.
2000 Pop.
qHY, l/ca/day **
m3/day
m3/s
Akhisar
73944
81510
170
13857
0.16
Salihli
70861
83137
14133
Turgutlu
73634
93727
15934
0.18
Manisa, Center
158928
214345
200
42869
0.50
Kemalpasa
16354
25448
100
2545
0.03
Menemen
29006
46079
120
5529
0.06
Saruhanli
12977
13025
1303
0.02
Golmarmara
10976
11205
1121
0.01
Alasehir
36649
39590
4751
0.05
Ahmetli
10190
11011
1101
Population
qHY, l/ca/day 80
100
120
170
>
200
** Values from Bank of Provinces

35. BOD Loads of Domestic Returns of Settlements
Municipality
BOD loads (kg/day)
Salihli
2772
Menemen
1115
Golmarmara
379
Turgutlu
3100
Alasehir
1093
Saruhanli
2247
Akhisar
1866
Ahmetli
1321
Manisa
2222
Kemalpasa
712
Source: Nen Eng.&Cons., December 2001

36. The aquifers identified in WaterWare (WRM)
and their parameters.
The Name of the Aquifer
Parameter
Alasehir
Menemen
Salihli-Turgutlu
Sarikiz
Area (km2)
940
300
1200
600
Average depth (m) 80 90
Porosity (%) 15
Percolation loss coefficient
Deg. day coefficient
1e-05
Recharge coefficient
0.75
0.70
0.65

37. GROUNDWATER:AQUIFERS IDENTIFIED
Groundwater coupling?
Sarikiz
Menemen
Salihli_Turgutlu
Alasehir

38. Subcatchments Outflow TS
The year of TS is 1991
Observed stream gauging station data are used
Some small subcatchments are taken into account like lateral inflows to the reaches (Sarma, Taytan, Tabak)
For Buldan and Afsar Subcatchments the observed inflows to the reservoirs are used, BUT there is some inconsistencies, hence those subcatchments may be re-evaluated with RRM

39. WaterWare Modeling Studies

40. Summary of the Existing Situation and
Ongoing Trends in the Gediz Basin
In the Gediz Basin, there are:
agricultural,
domestic
industrial activities
which supply their water needs directly from surface waters and the groundwater system

41. Summary of the Existing Situation and
Ongoing Trends in the Gediz Basin
Irrigation :
The major consumptive water use in the Gediz is irrigation, realized in four major districts.
In addition, a downstream wetland called the “Bird Paradise” is also connected to the Menemen Left Bank irrigation scheme.
The intensive irrigation activities in the basin are supported by three reservoirs and a set of weirs which divert the flow to irrigation channels.
On the other hand, there are also many wells exploiting the groundwater either under normal conditions for small irrigation systems or in cases of emergency like droughts .

42. Summary of the Existing Situation and
Ongoing Trends in the Gediz Basin
Irrigation :
The irrigation schemes are operated on open channel conveyance systems.
Most of the farmers prefer “flooding” methods for irrigation at the field.
The dominant crop pattern in irrigation districts is cotton, table grapes and maize; however, their percentage with respect to irrigated areas changes every year, depending on the income expected by farmers.

43. Summary of the Existing Situation and
Ongoing Trends in the Gediz Basin
Domestic and Industrial Water Use:
Domestic and industrial demands in the Gediz Basin are generally met through groundwater sources. All the municipalities in the basin supply their domestic water through groundwater, thereby putting these resources under stress.
There are also three major industrial districts, nearby Manisa, Menemen and Kemalpasa municipalities,supplying their demand by groundwater.
Unfortunately, their consumption rates and fixed costs for pumping are not monitored and recorded; only rough estimates are available.

44. Gediz Baseline Scenario Building and Preliminary Results of WRM

45. Demirkopru Reservoir (Real TS of Release)

46. Ahmetli Weir Right Bank Diversion (The expected demand TS)

47. Ahmetli Irrg. Right Bank (The expected demand TS)

48. Assumptions of Modeling Practice
Flow TS used as input are from the year of 1991
There was limited irrigation at this year
Initial storages of reservoirs and aquifers: In the baseline scenario, the initial storages of the reservoirs are selected such that they preserve almost the same amount of water at the beginning and at the end of the year, namely, at the start and at the end of a model simulation; 20%

49. Assumptions of Modeling Practice
Conveyance losses of demand nodes:
No Irrigation System Change:
conveyance loss: %
evaporation losses: 5%,
return flow losses: 5%.
Irrigation demand time series and reservoir releases:
The daily demand time series of irrigation districts are
computed by the CROPWAT(FAO) for Windows 4.3.
The real release time series at that year are used

50. Preliminary Results of WRM

51. Preliminary Results of WRM

52. Preliminary Results of WRM

53. Preliminary Results of WRM

54. Preliminary Results of WRM

55. Preliminary Results of WRM

56. Preliminary Results of WRM

57. Preliminary Results of WRM

58. Problem Reporting

59. Planned Work for Next Phase
The irrigation water demand series of the irrigation districts will be calculated throught IWD module of WaterWare
The lateral flows will be checked and tested
The recent Gediz baseline scenario will be run with a different year’s data set(1982?)
One or two more calibration/control nodes will be added to the system

60. Planned Work for Next Phase
All the rest of the “River Basin Objects” will be identified in Object Data Base
The economic data such operation and water-use costs and related benefits of the nodes will be compiled
More reliable water quality data of the irrigation return flows will be searched
More data on the groundwater structure of the basin will be compiled

61. THANK YOU!