1. Legalities: releases, Copyright, and Forums
Chapter 12
Emily Robinson

2. Releases: a grant of permission that is commonly provided in written form with signatures of all the people involved
Property release: grants the video team permission to shoot on private property
Private property:
owned by an individual or private organization
Public property:
owned by local, state, or national government organizations; parks, streets, sidewalks
Talent release: document that gives video producers permission to photograph the talent and/or to use the audio of the talent’s voice’ should be obtained from all talent in a production; “consent by conduct”: awareness and cooperation with camera
Passive talent release: document that is general notice to all parents indicating that organizations outside the school system may request permission to video record inside the school building; news stories, yearbook pictures, educational documentaries; apply only to third-party organizations

3. Copyright Laws: protect the creators of original materials from having their materials and creative work used without proper permission and compensation
Fair Use: A section of the Copyright Law that provides guidelines for the limited use of copyrighted materials without obtaining permission from the copyright holders; makes certain allowances for educational use of copyrighted materials
Transformative Use: A work that is used for an entirely different purpose than it was originally created and intended to be used
Public Domain: the designation applied to a material that is no longer copyrighted due to the passage of time or relinquished rights by the copyright holder
Trademark Law: protects a company’s brand identification, which represents their products and services; may not apply to logos that are recognized worldwide

4. Types of Public Forums
Public Forum: An environment or location, typically public property or media, where an individual has pure free speech (if does not incite a riot, violence, or destruction of property); broadcast journalism is not a public forum because programs are finite in length and scope
Limited Public Forum: Public property or media that is made available for a specified use; topic or content of speech is restricted to the business at hand or objectives of the particular group; Examples- financial planning seminar, broadcast journalism course
Non-Public Forum: Public or private property or media that is not typically used or made available for public expression; regulation on speech is allowable, but must not exclude any particular or opposing viewpoint; Examples- military bases, public schools, courtrooms