1. Diagnosis of arteriovenous fistula by venous oxygen saturation: Case report 
Richard L. McCann, M.D., Raymond Makhoul, M.D., Ralph Damiano, M.D. 
Journal of Vascular Surgery 
Volume 3, Issue 6, Pages (June 1986)
DOI: / (86)
Copyright © 1986 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
CT scan through pelvis shows large left iliac aneurysm with calcium in wall. There is no evidence of extravasation or rupture of aneurysm.
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1986 3, DOI: ( / (86) )
Copyright © 1986 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Oxygen saturation of venous blood samples taken with balloon-tipped flow-directed catheter passed under fluoroscopic control. Marked increase in oxygen saturation is present at iliac level. Mixing with desaturated blood from the superior vena cava lowers saturation in the pulmonary artery.
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1986 3, DOI: ( / (86) )
Copyright © 1986 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Limited angiographic study. Catheter is located in left common iliac artery. Aneurysm is opacified as well as common iliac vein and vena cava.
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1986 3, DOI: ( / (86) )
Copyright © 1986 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Intraoperative recording of radial artery pressure. Occlusion of fistula produced marked increase in blood pressure with concomitant slowing of heart rate (Branham's sign).
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1986 3, DOI: ( / (86) )
Copyright © 1986 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions