1. BIOMOLECULES
The digestive process is occurring. In order for organisms to live and function they require energy. Eating and digesting food provides the body with chemical energy in the form of ATP. ALL LIVING ORGANISM CONTAIN THE ELEMENT CARBON!!

2. Biomolecules
You are what you eat!

3. CARBOHYDRATES
Carbohydrates
Pasta
Bread
Sweets
Potatoes
Corn

4. Carbohydrates aka…
Sugar
Starch
Carbs

5. How does our body break down this bread?

6. Breaks down into microscopic molecules
Loaf of bread
Bread crumbs
Polysaccharide
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide

7. Structure
Monomer:
Glucose (monosaccharide)
Monosaccharide
One
Sugar

8. Structure
Di saccharide
Two
Sugar

9. Structure
Polysaccharide
Many
Sugar

10. Function
Provide QUICK energy to the body!

11. LIPIDS

12. Breaks down into microscopic molecules
Fats, oils, waxes, steroids

13. LOOK FOR THE “E”
Monomer:
3 fatty acids + glycerol

14. Function Made mainly of carbon and hydrogen (few oxygen)
Fat best method of long-term energy storage.
forms cell membranes
Insulation (layers of fat to help the body stay warm. Example: Whale’s Blubber)

15. Challenge: Describe what you see (at least 3 sentences)
This is an amino acid. It is the monomer for a protein. It contains C, H, O and N. It has 3 groups: an amino group, an R-group, and a carboxyl group. The R-group is considered a variant group because it changes.

16. Proteins aka….
Whey Protein
Meat
Polypeptide
Peanut butter

17. Breaks down into microscopic molecules
Polypeptide
Meat
Amino Acid
Monomer: amino acid
Polymer: polypeptide

18. Monomer: Amino Acids Contains C, H, O, N 20 types
Has both hydrophobic & hydrophylic ends
Differ in R-group
R-group can be acidic, basic or neutral
Makes polypeptide then makes proteins

19. Polymer: Polypeptide (peptide means bond)
Formed by dehydration synthesis
Sequence determined by DNA
3-D and folds to take up less space

20. Function of Proteins Provides us with building blocks for life!
Also regulate most functions in a cell.
Glycoproteins (antigens)
Combines w/DNA to form chromosomes
Turns genes on and off
Antibodies (fights disease)

21. Function of Proteins Provides structure & strength for the body
Transports molecules in & out cells
Hemoglobin (transports O2)
Enzymes (speeds up reactions)- has –ase suffix
Acts as hormones (insulin)- many proteins have suffix of -in

22. Bellringer: Describe in detail what you see in the diagram
Bellringer: Describe in detail what you see in the diagram. (minimum 3 sentences)
This is a picture of ATP. ATP is one type of polymer of a nucleic acid. It is made of adenine, sugar, and 3 phosphate groups.

23. Nucleic Acids Contains C, H, O, N, P Monomer: NUCLEOTIDES
Nucleotides consist of 3 parts:
1. 5-Carbon Sugar
2. Phosphate Group
3. Nitrogenous Base

24. Nucleotide: Nitrogen Bases
5 types
Cytosine
Guanine
Adenine
Thymine (in DNA only)
Uracil (in RNA only)
Purines or pyrimidines
In DNA: In RNA:
C-G C-G
A-T A-U

25. Nucleotides: 5-carbon sugar and phosphate group
2 types of sugars
Ribose (in RNA only)
Deoxyribose (in DNA only)
Phosphate group
Contains phosphorus & oxygen
Polymer: polynucleotide
deoxyribose
ribose

26. Function Polypeptide: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
contains the genetic code
stores & transmit heredity/genetic information
found in the nucleus (mitochondria)
Double stranded (double helix)

27. Function Polypeptide: RNA (ribonucleic acid)
Carries info from DNA to cell
Helps in protein synthesis
found in ribosomes & nucleoli
Single stranded

28. Polypeptide: ATP Contains adenine, ribose sugar, 3 phosphates
Stores and releases energy

29. Concept Map Carbon Compounds Section 2-3 include that consist of
which contain
which contain
which contain
which contain

30. Concept Map Carbon Compounds Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids
Section 2-3
Carbon
Compounds
include
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Proteins
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
Sugars and
starches
Fats and oils
Nucleotides
Amino Acids
which contain
which contain
which contain
which contain
Carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen
Carbon,hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus
hydrogen,oxygen,
nitrogen,

31. Which biomolecule has the most energy!?

32. C-H bonds
Count the number of C-H bonds in your monosaccharide picture.
Count the number of C-H bonds in your saturated or unsaturated bond picture
Which biomolecule (carbs or fats) have more C-H bonds?

33. The number of C-H bonds = the amount of energy
The more C-H bonds a biomolecule has, the more energy it has!
Fats have the most energy because they have the most C-H bonds!

34. Video clips:
Burning Marshmallow
Oil lamp
Cooking Oil Car

35. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
CHALLENGE!
Which popular plant process forms glucose?
Photosynthesis
Which elements form a glucose molecule?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What is the molecular formula for glucose?
Create a polymer using dehydration synthesis process.
C6H12O6