1. 7d. The New Deal

2. Reading Assignment #1 “Bank Holiday” Emergency Banking act
Hundred Days
National Recovery Administration
Civilian Conservation Corps
Public Works Administration
Tennessee Valley Authority
Agricultural Adjustment Act
Dust Bowl
Federal Housing Administration

3. Historical Perspective
National, state and local reformers responded to economic upheavals, laissez-faire capitalism, and the Great Depression by transforming the United States into a limited welfare state.
FDR saw the New Deal as an alternative to socialism on the left, Nazism on the right, and the inaction of upholders of unregulated capitalism.

4. The First New Deal (1933-35) Known as the Three R’s.
Relief to the poor
Stimulate recovery
Reform the American
economy
FDR drew on earlier progressive ideas and represented a multifaceted approach to both the causes and effects of the Great Depression
Stressed recovery

5. Relief Policies Emergency Banking Act - financial
National Recovery Administration – business
Federal Emergency Relief Administration

6. Recovery Policies Civilian Conservation Corps
Public Works Administration
Tennessee Valley Authority
Agricultural Adjustment Act
Federal Housing Administration

7. Reform Policies Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal Communications Commission
Securitas and Exchange Commission

8. The Dust Bowl Period of extreme drought that hit’s the Great Plains
Added to the plight of the farmers.
Many migrated to California in search
of jobs.

9. Reading Assignment #2 “Labor’s great upheaval”
Congress of Industrial Organizations
Sit-down
Huey Long
Dr. Francis Townsend
Father Charles Coughlin

10. Reading Assignment #3 Works Progress Administration
Federal Writers’ Project
Wagner Act
Rural Electrification Agency
Social Security Act
Fireside Chat
Welfare State
“Court Packing”
Fair Labor Standards Act
American Liberty League

11. Second New Deal
Focused on economic security to protect Americans from unemployment and poverty
Recommitted himself to creating jobs – extending to the arts.
Most far reaching was the Social Security Act which led to the creation of the American version of the Welfare State.

12. FDR’s Battle with the Court
Made a serious political miscalculation
Concerned that the Supreme Court was becoming critical of his legislation he wanted to add 6 additional justices.
Congress refused and the public was upset.
But it did cause the justices to back off on their criticism.

13. New Deal Was Not Successful
But, FDR had the gift to make it sound as though it was successful.

14. Limitations of the New Deal
Women: Brought more women into government with FDR appointments and the work of Eleanor Roosevelt. However, inspired widespread demands for women to leave the work force.
African-Americans: As a result of pressure from Southern Democrats, the Social Security law was not applied to agriculture and domestic workers. Forced many to depend on the welfare rolls.

15. Continued …..
American-Indians: The Indian New Deal ended the policy of forced assimilation and allowed Indians unprecedented cultural autonomy.
Mexican-Americans: Wagner and Social Security did not apply to agricultural laborers. Many were forced to return to Mexico.

16. Increased Racism and Discrimination
“Last hired and first fired” policy hit African Americans first as the Depression set in.
“Don’t Buy Where You Can’t Work” was leading edge of Civil Rights Movement
Shift of support from Republicans to Democrats.
Increased federal discrimination in housing.

17. The Appeal of the Communist Party
Seemed a good alternative to the evils of capitalism
Popular Front
Arts
Challenges to racism (Scottsboro Boys)
Stress civil liberties (Labor Unions)
Led to Un-American Activities Committee and the Smith Act (Red Scare is reignited).

18. New Deal Ends
As the administration begins to refocus on the issues emerging in Europe.

19. Legacy of the New Deal
Although the New Deal did not completely overcome the Depression, it left a legacy of reforms and agencies that endeavored to make society and individuals more secure, and it helped foster a long-term political realignment in which many ethnic groups, African Americans, and working-class communities identified with the Democratic Party.