1. ENZYMES

2. *Enzyme*
A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body Also known as a biological catalyst.

3. Water + Gelatin Powder + Heat  JELLO
*Catalyst*
modification or speeding up of a chemical reaction
A chemical reaction occurs when some starting material(s) are changed into some desired ending material(s)
Ex. You want to make JELLO--
Starting materials (REACTANTS) Ending materials (PRODUCTS)
Water + Gelatin Powder + Heat  JELLO

4. Chemical reactions need help to get started
Chemical reactions need help to get started. An enzyme can be that helper! (I.e. the catalyst)

5. Let’s see what a chemical reaction looks like on a graph:
Label your graph!
ACTIVATION ENERGY
REACTANTS
PRODUCTS
Image from: Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved

6. *Activation Energy*
the energy required to begin a chemical reaction

7. Image from: Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
Image from: Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved
Enzymes help chemical reactions happen faster by DECREASING the ACTIVATION ENERGY

8. Active site: the site on the enzyme where the substrate attaches
How does the enzyme physically do this?
Key words:
Substrate: the material that an enzyme attaches to (usually your REACTANT)
Active site: the site on the enzyme where the substrate attaches

9. PROTEINS CAN BE ENZYMES
SUBSTRATE (Reactants)
ENZYME
Active site: where substrate and enzyme bond
ENZYME-SUBSTRATE
COMPLEX
ENZYME Unchanged
& Reusable
PRODUCTS
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Arrow:

10. *Lock & Key Model* FIT REUSABLE ENZYMES _____ like a _______________
to only _________of _________.
Enzymes are ___________ by the reaction and ___________
*Lock & Key Model*
FIT
LOCK AND KEY
SUBSTRATE
ONE KIND
UNCHANGED
REUSABLE

11. 2 FACTORS THAT AFFECT ENZYME ACTIVITY
__________ & ______________
Conditions that are TOO ACIDIC
or TOO HOT cause proteins to
________ or _________ pH
temperature
Break down DENATURE

12. changes shape ACTIVE SITE CAN’T BIND
Denaturing _______ the _______ of the ______________ so enzyme ______________ to ____________
changes
shape
ACTIVE SITE
CAN’T BIND
SUBSTRATE
heat
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13. -ASE
Many enzyme names end in _____
and the beginning of the name tells what it does
DNA Polymerase= “polymerizes”
joins monomers to make DNA

14. Warm Up 1.) Copy and label this diagram with the following words:
Enzyme
Active site
Substrate
2.) What happens when an enzyme get damaged by heat or pH changes?

15. Warm Up
1.) Explain why the denaturing of an enzyme prohibits the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex.
2.) What are the 2 examples of nucleic acids?
3.) Name 2 foods that have lipids in them.
4.) What are the building blocks of a polymer?
5.) What 3 letters do a lot of sugars end in?
6.) What 3 letters do a lot of enzymes end in?

16. Warm Up What are the starting materials in a chemical reaction called?
What type of organic molecule is an enzyme?
What do we call the area on an enzyme where the substrate binds?
What is the monomer for a lipid?
What does an enzyme do to the activation energy of a chemical reaction? Does this make the reaction happen faster or slower?