1. Classification of Matter
Chemical Structure and Composition

3. Pure Substances - have a fixed composition
Elements
Anything listed on the periodic table
Simplest form of matter
Can NOT be broken down under ordinary conditions …..requires nuclear reaction that would split the atom.
Compounds
Two or more elements chemically bonded.
Can be broken down, but requires a chemical reaction brought on by intense heat or electrolysis.
Examples –
H2O
NaCl
C12H22O11
Pure Substances - have a fixed composition

6. Mixtures – two or more compounds that are NOT chemically bonded and can therefore be separated by physical means.
Examples – salt water, lemonade, air, soil
Homogeneous – uniform throughout, aka solutions.
Heterogeneous – can physically see the different components.
Mixtures

7. A Comparison of Compounds and Mixtures

8. Mixture
Compound

9. Classify these

11. Separation Techniques
Filtration
Magnetism
Sieve
Chromatography
Evaporation
Decant
Centrifuge
Distillation
Separation Techniques

12. Separates solids and liquids
i.e. water and sand
Filtration

13. Only works for the elements iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co).
Magnetism

14. Separates solid particles of different sizes by screening it.
Sieve

15. Chromatography Separates different colors of ink, metal ions….
Used in food science,
drug testing, forgery
investigations.
Chromatography

16. Evaporation Separates dissolved (soluble) solids from liquids.
i.e. – salt and water
Evaporation

17. Pour off liquid layer to separate liquid from solid.
Decant

18. Separates material using gravity
i.e. DNA, blood components
Centrifuge

19. Distillation Separates liquids according to boiling points.
Chemistry behind the alcoholic beverage industry.
Distillation