1. Small corrections to the lattice energy for ionic
Werner Heisenberg
Small corrections to the lattice energy for ionic
and partially polar solids
Copenhagen Group, 1934
Niels Bohr
Correction from quantum mechanics
Wolfgang Pauli
Localization of particles
kinetic energy
(uncertainty principle)
Energy increase by
even 10 times smaller than typical van der Waals interaction
Hydrogen Bond
two electronegative atoms
acceptor
donor
For more information see

2. Hydrogen bond in ice crystals
Hydrogen bond in the DNA
strands held together by hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases

3. ? Metallic bond e.g. Li+ e- SEA OF MOBILE VALENCE ELECTRONS
What do we learn from this model

4. Melting and Boiling Points
lot of energy required to break the strong metallic bond
high melting & boiling points
Electrical Conductivity
metals are good electrical conductor
since electrons in the sea of electrons are mobile, metals are able to
conduct electricity when solid or molten
and thermal

5. Malleable and Ductile
metallic bonds are strong but not rigid
when a force is applied, layers of atoms can slide over one another
axle of a generator, weight: kg
Later in this course: more detailed QM picture of electrons in metals