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17.2 Marching into Battle Pgs
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After the attack on Fort Sumter the Union became eager.
They were over confident and believed they could win the war before the harvest. That wasn’t the case. Marching into Battle
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First Battle of Bull Run
General Irvin McDowell led the Union army into the south in July They planned to capture a Confederate camp in Manassas (20 miles south of D.C) The Confederates learned of this attack, and Jefferson Davis ordered Joseph Johnson and his men to leave for Bull Run Creek.
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Where is Bull Run? Virginia Runs for 32 miles.
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First Battle of Bull Run
The Union seemed to be winning the battle at first. However, under the command of Thomas Jackson, the Confederates would not give up. This gave him the nickname of Stonewall Jackson.
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First Battle of Bull Run
The Confederate’s won the battle and pushed the Union out. Washington D.C. was their for the taking, but the Confederate’s were not organized enough at the time.
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Results of the First Battle
The Battle of Bull Run effected both sides. The Union realized their soldiers were not ready to fight. George McClellan was called by Lincoln to forge a new army and take Richmond. The ease of their victory made the South over confident. Results of the First Battle
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Hesitation and Loss for the North
The Union’s goal to take Richmond proved difficult. McClellan believed they would take the city but needed more time, Lincoln felt they had too much time already. McClellan chose a new approach. Ride the Potomac River to the James and the York rivers, and attack from there.
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Hesitation and Loss for the North
The Confederate’s were completely taken off guard, but McClellan didn’t believe they had enough men and stalled. Confederate commander Johnston was badly injured, so a new commander was named: Robert E. Lee. In 7 days, “7 Days Battle” Lee attacked McClellan in 6 different locations. McClellan had been 9 miles away from Richmond, now he was back where he started.
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Back to Bull Run Lincoln quickly changed commanders and ordered McClellan back to Washington to join John Pope in a new land attack. However, Lee believed he could beat Pope before he had enough strength.
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Back to Bull Run Lee sent half his men to fight Pope and left half in Richmond. Meanwhile, he sent J.E.B. Stuart to raid Pope’s headquarters. Stuart was seeking revenge because the Union had taken his favorite hat.
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Back to Bull Run Stuart stole $300,000, his dress coat, and military plans. This leads to the second battle at Bull Run. Stonewall Jackson’s men rushed to aid Lee, covering 62 miles in less than two days.
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Back to Bull Run The Second Battle of Bull Run ended with the Union once again defeated and back in Washington. Lincoln fired Pope, and rehired McClellan This was the Confederacy at the peak of their powers.
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17.2 Section Quiz
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