1. The analytical measurement principle
Qualion NMR
NMR Technology
The analytical measurement principle

2. What is ¹H NMR? * Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Hydrogen Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Provides picture of the hydrocarbon structure, from which we determine physical and chemical information
Non invasive like MRI*, therefore all samples can be returned back to the process.
Heavy opaque or dark materials easily analyzed
Technology developed since 1950’s
MRI
* Magnetic Resonance Imaging

3. What is ¹H NMR Analysis? NMR = Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
“Nuclear” - NMR looks at the nuclei of molecules (protons-neutrons)
More specifically at their “nuclear spin”
Some nuclei have a “magnetic moment” due to that spin (behave like a small magnet)
Most important, nuclei are 1H ,13C,19F and 31P
¹H-NMR is looking at ¹H-protons in molecules, excellent for hydrocarbon analysis

4. The Electromagnetic Spectrum
SPECTROSCOPY ANALYTICAL
TECHNOLOGIES
X-ray UV VIS IR Microwave ESR NMR
NMR spectroscopy uses radio-waves to interact with samples

5. ¹H Proton – Magnetic Moment (M)
Hydrogen Atom
(Proton) M +
Proton is spinning
Magnetic moment (M) generated

6. Nuclear Spins and Magnetic Fields
In a strong magnetic field
(Bo), magnetic moments M
align along Bo
With no magnetic field,
magnetic moments M are
randomly oriented S M M M N

7. Alignment and precessing of M
Magnetic Moments Align and Precess
at a Frequency wo Bo N S S Wo
wo is proportional to the Bo size
e.g. Bo = 1.35 Tesla wo = 57 MHz

8. Bulk Magnetic Moment – M0
Precessing spins can be described as
a bulk magnetic moment Mo* Bo N S Mo
*Mo = Summation of individual magnetic moments
of all protons in the sample

9. Re-align to a second magnetic axis
RF pulse is turned on for 4-20 microseconds and generates a second magnetic field B1
57 MHz Bo N S Mo B1
Magnetic field B1 causes Mo to move and re-align to the second magnetic axis

10. Re-align to original magnetic axis
The protons relax and re-align to their
original equilibrium position along Bo Axis
FID
57 MHz
When RF Pulse ends Bo N S Mo B1
“Relaxation” of Mo generates an RF current that is picked
by the irradiation coil : A decay signal is generated, called
Free Induction Decay signal (FID)

11. Measurement in a NMR Process analyser
Top View
Magnet
Flow Pipe
Probe

12. NMR permanent magnet technology
Multiple matched magnet segments.
physically brought together to form
condensed magnetic field of 1.35 Tesla N S
Mechanical shims
obtain rough
Bo homogeneity N S
Electrical shim
gradients N S
Current passed
through wire
gradients creates
shaped magnetic
fields that are
used to “straighten”
field lines

13. Fast Fourier Transform- FFT
Time domain signal
Frequency domain signal
Free Induction Decay(FID)
NMR Spectrum
F.F.T.

14. Chemical Shift in NMR spectra
How does the NMR resolve the different protons in the spectra ?
Each proton in a different chemical environment (bond) “senses” a different magnetic field BX due to the shielding created by surrounding electrons
More electrons = more shielding

15. Protons in different chemical environment
External applied field Bo
Actual field at protons
electron

16. Difference in “sensed” magnetic field
Due to a difference in the “sensed” magnetic field,
protons A and B precess at a different frequency WA and WB Bo BA N BB S S WB WA
wA and wB are proportional to the size of BA and BB
The precessing frequency becomes the fingerprint of the
chemical environment of the different protons

17. Fast Fourier transform
From FID to results
Time domain signal
Frequency domain signal
Fast Fourier transform
NMR Spectrum
Free Induction Decay(FID)
Chemometric
calibration models
Results

18. Thank you!
Contact us:
QUALION NMR  ANALYZERS   Advanced Technology Center Building 22, P.O.B Haifa 31905
Israel    Tel:  (+972) Fax:  (+972)   Web: