1. Tony Naaman Systems Architecture iDirect, USA
Evolutions in Satellite Telecommunication Ground Segments
5 - 6 June ESA/ESTEC - Noordwijk, The Netherlands
Mesh Technology
Tony Naaman
Systems Architecture
iDirect, USA

2. Agenda Introduction Mesh Internet Routing In Space (IRIS)
Star & Mesh Networks
Mesh Scalability, Transmit & Receive Hopping
Mesh
Markets & Applications
Technical Challenges
Market Trends
Enabling Technologies
Internet Routing In Space (IRIS)
Overview
Routing, Scalability & QoS

3. Introduction

4. Star Network
Shared SCPC Outbound
Star TDMA Inbound
Hub RF

5. Remote-to-Remote Communication in Star Network
Shared SCPC Outbound
Star TDMA Inbound
Hub RF

6. Remote-to-Remote Disadvantages in Star Network
Latency
Critical for Real-Time Applications
Double Hop over the Satellite
Inefficient use of Satellite Bandwidth
Remote-to-Remote Traffic requires Twice the Bandwidth of Star Traffic

7. Remote-to-Remote Communication with Mesh Carrier
Shared SCPC Outbound
Star TDMA Inbound
Mesh TDMA Carrier
Hub RF

8. Mesh Network – Scaling & Transmit Hopping
Mesh TDMA Carriers
Hub or Master Station RF

9. Mesh Network – Scaling & Receive Hopping
Mesh TDMA Carriers
Large Stations
Small Stations

10. Mesh Market, Technology & Trends

11. Mesh Markets & Applications
Mesh Market Segments
Enterprise Networks
Cellular Networks
Oil & Gas
Enterprise Connectivity
Distance Learning
Government & Military
Embassy Networks
Disaster Management
Homeland Security
Defense
Mesh Applications
VoIP
Video Conferencing
Cellular Backhaul (Move to Local Routing)
Other Data Applications

12. Mesh Technical Challenges
Link Budget
Small Antenna & Limited Transmit Power
Small Carriers => Need Multiple Carriers for Scaling
Different Terminal Sizes & Rain Fade
Multi Symbol Rates, Modulation and Coding
Timing & Frequency Tracking
Clock Inaccuracy & Doppler Shift
Reference Source from Hub or Master Controller
Closed Loop for Adjustments
Uplink Power Control
For all Carriers and Remote Terminals
Transmit & Receive Hopping
Frequency Range - Across Transponders
Single vs. Dual Transmitters
Multi-Demodulators vs. Receive Time Plan

13. Mesh Market Trends Higher Data Rates Larger Networks – Scalability
More Flexibility – Hybrid Networks
Improved Bandwidth Efficiency
Lower Cost of Ownership

14. Enabling Technologies – Higher Data Rates
Faster Processor on Remote Terminal
Larger FPGA & Memory
Remote Terminal Hardware Cost going Down
Antenna, BUC, Processor, FPGA, Memory
Faster Transmit & Receive Hopping
Multi-Demodulators for Simultaneous Receive of Multiple Carriers
Hub or Master Controller
Tighter Timing & Frequency Control
Better Bandwidth Management

15. Enabling Technologies – Scalability
Transmit & Receive Hopping
Across Transponders
Multiple Symbol Rates, Modulation & Coding
Intelligent Bandwidth Management Software
Transmit Time Plan
Receive Time Plan or Mesh Carrier Load Balancing

16. Enabling Technologies – Flexibility
Hybrid Networks
Shared SCPC Outbound from Hub
DVB-S2/ACM for Increased Efficiency
TDMA Return to Hub (Star)
Remotes with Low or Irregular Traffic Pattern
SCPC Return to Hub (Star)
Remotes with Steady Traffic Pattern
TDMA Mesh between Remote Terminals
SCPC Mesh between Remote Terminals
Multiple Transmit
Example: SCPC to some Destinations & TDMA to Others

17. Enabling Technologies – Bandwidth Efficiency
Adaptive FEC Rates
For Large Networks with Multiple Carriers
Multiple Symbol Rates
Multiple Modulation (8PSK, QPSK, BPSK, Spread Spectrum)
Real-Time Monitoring of SNR for each Remote Terminal & Optimal Carrier and FEC Chosen
Intelligent Bandwidth Management System Generates Optimal Time Plan

18. Enabling Technologies – Low Cost of Ownership
Sharing Hub & Space Segment Cost among Multiple Network Operators
Group QoS (GQoS) allows Sharing of Space Segment while Logically Partitioning Bandwidth for Multiple Networks
Virtual Network Operator (VNO) allows Multiple Network Operators to Manage their Networks Independently while Sharing Hub Equipment, Space Segment and Network Management System & Maintaining Total Privacy
Lower Cost of Remote Terminal Hardware
Economically Viable Mesh
for Small Enterprise Networks

19. Internet Routing In Space (IRIS)

20. Internet Routing In Space (IRIS)
Concept
On-Board Processing & Routing of IP Packets
Routing across Transponders
On-Board Routing & Multicast Distribution
Routing across Co-located Satellites
WiMax in Space
Routing across Distant Satellites
Laser Inter-Satellite Link (ISL)
Scalable, Full-Mesh, Single-Hop Connectivity

21. Remote-to-Remote & Remote-to-Hub with IRIS
Router
DVB-S2 Out
Remote Terminals TDMA In
Hub In
Hub RF

22. Hub-to-Remote Communication with IRIS
Router
DVB-S2 Out
Remote Terminals TDMA In
Hub In
Hub RF

23. Accessing Google.com with Traditional Broadband

24. Accessing Google.com with IRIS
Router
Transponder-1
Transponder-2
Google

25. Accessing Google.com with IRIS & Laser ISL
Router
Router
Google

26. Capacity Sizing with IRIS
Mesh & Star In Traffic
Mesh Traffic S2
Star Out Traffic
TDMA Inbound
Hub In Traffic uses much better Modulation & Coding than TDMA Inbound
S2 Outbound uses ACM
Note: QoS becomes more complex with Routing across Transponders & Satellites
Remote Inbound Traffic
= Mesh + Star Inbound
Internet Traffic Asymmetrical
(Star Out = n * Star In)
S2 Capacity
= Mesh Traffic
+ Star In Traffic
+ Star Out Traffic
Star In Traffic
Hub In
Star In Traffic
Star Out Traffic
Internet

27. Routing, Scalability & QoS with IRIS
Region-1
Region-2
Region-3
S2 XP1
S2 XP2
S2 XP3
Router
Hub In XP1
Hub In XP2
Hub In XP3
TDMA XP1
TDMA XP2
TDMA XP3
Region-1
Region-2
Region-3

28. Internet Routing In Space (IRIS) - Advantages
Scalability
Across Transponders & Satellites
Link Budget
Signal Reconstruction
Higher Data Rates with Smaller Antenna & BUC
On-Board Packet Replication
Multicast Applications
Still Require:
Bandwidth Management (Group QoS)
Adaptive Schemes for Bandwidth Efficiency
Complexity On-Board or Ground Segment – Trade Off

29. Thank you