1. Cellular Respiration
2.8

2. Cellular Respiration Process cells use to create their own energy.
Enzymes break down macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
Released energy stored as ATP.

3. ATP Adenosine triphosphate.
Energy for cell processes comes from this molecule.

4. Energy is stored in the bond between 2nd and 3rd phosphate.
Breaking the bond releases the energy and forms ADP.

5. Cellular respiration releases energy that is stored in ATP.
A lot of the energy is lost as heat.

6. Anaerobic Respiration
Process breaking down glucose without the presence of O2.
Used when a short energy burst is needed or O2 is not available.

7. In animals, glucose is broken down into lactase.
Glucose lactase
ADP ATP
In yeast and plants, glucose is broken down into ethanol and CO2.
Glucose ethanol + CO2
Only about 2 ATP.

8. Aerobic Respiration
With O2 present, glucose is broken down further and nets more ATP.
Produces more than 30 ATP.
Made of a series of steps we will look at in depth later, but generalized by the following
Glucose + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water
C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O

9. Photosynthesis
2.9

10. Photosynthesis
Energy conversion reaction (light energy converted to chemical)
Plants and other organisms use sunlight, CO2, & H2O to make complex carbon compounds like glucose
6CO2+ 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

11. Light Visible wavelengths of light range from 400- 700 nm.
Plants use some wavelengths of light in photosynthesis.

12. Pigments Light absorbing molecules found in chloroplasts.
Different pigments absorb different wavelengths of light.
2 major pigments involved in photosynthesis are chlorophyll a and b.

13. O2 One of the products of photosynthesis.
Produced by photolysis of water using light energy.
2H2O 4e- +4 H+ + 2 O2

14. Effects of Photosynthesis
1st photosynthetic organisms appeared 3.5 million years ago (mya).
About 2.5 mya, the concentration of O2 in atmosphere greatly increased to about 2% (Great Oxidation Event). Led to glaciation.

15. Rise in O2 concentrations in the ocean led to oxidation of dissolved iron in water.
Dissolved iron precipitated out and formed bands in rock formation.
Responsible for the iron ores that we use today.

16. Production of Carbohydrates
Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction.
Reactions that produce O2 & are anabolic (take small molecules and make large molecules) are generally endothermic.

17. Limiting Factors
Temperature, light, and CO2 are all limiting factors of photosynthesis.