1. Reconceptualising stroke research to inform the question of anaesthetic neurotoxicity 
P.E. Vlisides, M.S. Avidan, G.A. Mashour 
British Journal of Anaesthesia 
Volume 120, Issue 3, Pages (March 2018)
DOI: /j.bja
Copyright © 2017 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Stroke penumbra pathophysiology shares important cellular and molecular traits that are proposed to mediate anaesthetic-induced neurotoxicity. Such mechanisms include as ROS formation, mPTP activation, increased Ca2+ influx, increased TNF and IL-1β production, and cell apoptosis.21,40 Ca2+, calcium; IL-1β, interleukin-1-beta; mPTP, mitochondrial permeability transition pore; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /j.bja )
Copyright © 2017 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions