1. World War I

2. Old Friends: Alliances
1839: Treaty of London: British vow to protect neutrality of Belgium
1879: Dual Alliance Treaty: Germany & Austrian-Hungary agree to protect each other against Russia
1892: Franco-Russian Military Alliance

3. GENERAL INFO ABOUT WWI Started July 28, 1914 Ended November 11, 1918
Almost 8 million dead
22 million wounded
MAP OF EUROPE GREATLY CHANGED

4. BEFORE

5. AFTER

6. MAIN Causes of WWI
Militarism - Building up a strong military to prepare for war (ARMS RACE)
Alliances – agreements between nations to provide aid and protect one another
European powers formed alliances
PROBLEM: One event could drag all countries involved into a conflict
Imperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically.
Nationalism – extreme pride in one’s country

7. Militarism World War I: first war using advanced weaponry and tactics
Britain- largest navy in world
Germany- spent more on army & navy than all other countries in Europe
End up with 2nd largest navy & 2nd largest army
British navy creates Dreadnoughts (Battleship) considered direct threat by Germans
Germany responds with U-Boats (submarine) and Zeppelin
Germany also creates Schlieffen Plan in case of a 2 Front War

8. Triple Alliance vs. Triple Entente
The Triple Alliance (central powers) of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy was counter-balanced by the Triple Entente (allies) of France, Russia, and Great Britain.
As a result, by 1907 Europe was divided into two armed and rather fearful camps.

10. Other Alliances Germany & Ottoman Emp.
Britain to protect Belgium neutrality
France & Italy
Russia to protect Serbia
Britain & Japan

11. Imperialism in Africa Germany claims land in Africa
Results in arguments w/ Great Britain, the Dutch, & France
Moroccan Crisis I: (1905) provokes tension when Kaiser Wilhelm visits Algeria tells residents they should be independent - France cries foul. Conference is called & rest of world (all white) agree w/ France -Germany backs down
Moroccan Crisis II: (1911) Germ sends a gunboat to Algeria to protest French occupation. Sees it will get no support from rest of world, compromised- Algeria is Fr. Protect. & Germ gets parts of Fr. Congo.

12. Interests Germany: is growing in to a military and economic powerhouse
Russia: Huge population, Large amount of natural resources. Supports Slavic people in Serbia
Serbia: wants to create southern state in Austrian and Turkish territory.
France: wants the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine back from Germany

13. Balkan Crisis Austria-Hungary increases empire into Eastern Europe
Balkans Crisis I:(1908) A-H annexes Bosnia-Herzegovina.
Serbia cries foul - Russia supports them.
Germany sides w/ A-H. Serbia backs down.
Balkan Crisis II: ( ) Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, & Greece all seize land from Ottoman Empire
Austria intervenes & forces creation of Albania.
Russia & Serbia draw closer together

15. Nationalism
Different ethnic groups in Austria-Hungary wanted their own country - when Hungary achieved limited autonomy they were angry and resentful
Serbians’ desire for a greater Empire led to increased diplomatic talks with Bosnia
The SPARK:
Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo.
Serbia is blamed.

16. THE BLACK HAND Black Hand: Serbian terrorist group
Main Objective of the Black Hand was the creation of a Greater Serbia, by means of violence.
Black Hand believed Bosnia should belong to Serbia

17. Domino Effect
A-H sends ultimatum to Serbia demanding those who were responsible for the assassination of Franz Ferdinand.
Serbia looks to Russia for help. Russia agrees.
A-H calls on Germany for assistance in case of war.
Russia turns to France for support. France agrees.
7/28 A-H declares war on Serbia.
7/30 Russia mobilizes.
8/1 Germany declares war on Russia.
8/3 Germany then declares war on France.
Belgium refuses German request to cross territory, Germany invades, Britain enters war- 8/4
8/6- A-H declares war on Russia
It’s on!