1. Verbs that work as adjectives
Participles
Verbs that work as adjectives

2. See if you can find the participles*
The giggling girls ran through the hallway.
We need to find a way to fix all the broken windows.
I’ve forgotten my rarely-used passwords.
The hungry alligators jumped into the river.
The crying baby just wanted some attention.
Her bruised arm told her parents that something was wrong.
If the wound isn’t bleeding, we don’t need to see a doctor. * * * *

3. What does a participle look like?
It will end in –ING…
Crying, laughing, wandering, loving
Or –ED (or –en for irregular verbs, like eaten)
Broken, hurt, written, made, framed
We can use these verbs like adjectives

4. Find the participles, but watch out for the verbs*
The baking bread smelled delicious.
Under a pile of magazines lay the forgotten letter.
Frozen blueberries are his favorite dessert.
Devoted soccer fans are looking forward to the season.
From behind the tree came the screeching sound.
The sweating athlete grabbed a towel and a bottle of chilled water.
The stapled test booklet contained ten pages. * * * * * *

5. How can I use participles on my own?
Use the ING participles when you are describing what something is doing
These always tell you “which one?” or “what kind?”
The crying baby. Which baby? The crying one.
Use the ED participles when you are describing what has already been done TO something
These also tell which one or what kind
The broken glasses. Which glasses? The ones that somebody broke.

6. Bored vs. Boring What’s the difference between bored and boring?
Annoyed and annoying?
Excited and exciting?

7. Participial Phrases
We can also describe the participle by adding more words and creating a phrase of it

8. What a participial phrase looks like
The baking bread smelled delicious.
The bread baking in the oven smelled delicious.
Under a pile of magazines lay the forgotten letter.
Under a pile of magazines lay the letter forgotten for a hundred years.
The sweating athlete grabbed a towel and a bottle of chilled water.
The heavily sweating athlete grabbed a towel and a bottle of water chilled in the fridge.
The stapled test booklet contained ten pages.
The test booklet stapled by the teacher contained ten pages.

9. How is a participial phrase like an adjective clause?
It is, excluding the “that is” or “who is” or “which is”
The bread (that is) baking in the oven smelled delicious.
Under a pile of magazines lay the letter (which was) forgotten for a hundred years.
The heavily sweating athlete grabbed a towel and a bottle of water (that was) chilled in the fridge.
The test booklet (which was) stapled by the teacher contained ten pages.

10. At the beginning
A participial phrase could also go at the beginning of a sentence if it describes the subject
Scared by the movie, the girl was in tears.
Alarmed by the sudden noise, the man got up quickly.
Complaining about the new rule, the students wouldn’t be quiet.
Washed by my little brother, the dishes still had food on them.

11. What is NOT right walking The man walk in the store said hello to me.
The students were caught use their cellphones.
Overflow with water, the bottle spilled everywhere.
The presents given to me by my cousin.
Used by millions of people.
using
overflowing
Were expensive (must finish sentence)
No noun! Must finish sentence
Used by millions of people, cell phones are very convenient.

12. Clarify All extra information
Adjective Clause
Comes after a noun
Starts with who/ that/ which usually
Has a subject and verb in it
Describes a noun
Appositive
Is also a noun or a noun phrase
Renames a noun
Participial Phrase
Comes after a noun
Starts with a verb (-ed or –ing ending only)
Describes a noun
All extra information
Must still have a sentence left over if you take them out!