1. Central Nervous System
Your Nervous System
Central Nervous System

2. Explain CNS
Relays messages
Processes information
Analyzes information

3. Parts of CNS
The ____________

4. Protections Skull and Vertebrae
3 protective layers called _______________
____________(outer layer): consists of connective tissues, blood vessels, and nerves.
_________________(middle layer): elastic and weblike
___________(inner layer): contains nerves and blood vessels.
_________________________
a clear watery liquid
separates the middle and inner layers
Acts as shock absorber
exchange of nutrients between blood and nervous system

6. Section 35-3 Cerebrum Thalamus Pineal gland Hypothalamus Cerebellum
Pons
Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Cerebrum
Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord
Cerebellum
Pineal gland
Thalamus

7. The Brain The brain is the control center of the body
It is about ___ of your body weight and uses 20% of your body’s ____________

8. Parts of the Brain
Divided into four parts
_____________

9. Cerebrum __________ part of the brain – Learning and Senses
2 hemispheres- Right and Left
Connected by the ___________________
Right side controls- left side
Left side controls – right side of body
Four sections - LOBES
1. _________ Lobe __________ Lobe
3. _________ Lobe ___________ Lobe

12. Gray Matter vs. White Matter
_________– Absence of myelin in masses of neurons accounts for the gray matter of the brain – Cerebral Cortex
_________- Myelinated neurons gives neurons a white appearance – inner layer of cerebrum

13. Cerebral Cortex 3 types of functional areas:
Motor  Control voluntary motor functions
Sensory  Allow for conscious recognition of stimuli
Association  Integration

14. Cerebellum Second largest located below the cerebrum at back of skull
This part is responsible for the _____________________________________________

16. Diencephalon Forms the central core of the forebrain
3 paired structures:
_____________
All 3 are gray matter

18. Thalamus _____ of the diencephalon
Sensory relay station where sensory signals can be edited, sorted, and routed.
Also has profound input on motor and ________ function.
Not all functions have been elucidated.

19. Hypothalamus Functions: Autonomic regulatory center
Influences HR, BP, resp. rate,
GI motility, pupillary diameter.
Can you hold your
breath until you die?
___________________________
Involved in fear, loathing, pleasure
Drive center: hunger
Regulation of food intake
Contains a satiety center
Regulation of water balance and thirst
Regulation of sleep/wake cycles
Hormonal control
Releases hormones that influence hormonal
secretion from the anterior pituitary gland.
Releases oxytocin and vasopressin

20. Epithalamus Above the thalamus
Contains the pineal gland which releases __________ (involved in sleep/wake cycle and mood).
Contains a structure called the habenula – involved in food and water intake

21. Brain Stem Connects the brain to spinal cord
The Two Regions act as “switchboard”
_________________"reptile brain"– Controls heart rate, breathing rate, and flow of blood through the blood vessels.
Also anger and aggression come from this part of the brain

22. Brain Stem
______ – Relays signals between the cerebrum and the cerebellum
It also controls sleep and consciousness, breathing, bladder control, hearing, equilibrium, taste, swallowing, eye movement and the secretion of saliva and tears.

23. Lateralization
The fact that certain activities are the almost exclusive domain of one of the hemispheres.
In most people, the left hemisphere has a more control ______________________________________.
While the right hemisphere is geared towards musical, artistic and other creative endeavors.
Most individuals with left cerebral dominance are ____________________.

24. Cross Section of the Spinal Cord
Spinal nerve
Central canal
Gray matter
White matter
Meninges

25. Spinal Cord
___________________________________________________________________
31 pairs of spinal nerves
Reflexes processed directly by spinal cord
Reflex – quick, automatic, unconscious responses
Result of reflex arcs – shortest nerve pathways