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Risk factors associated with revision for prosthetic joint infection following knee replacement: an observational cohort study from England and Wales Erik Lenguerrand, PhD, Michael R Whitehouse, PhD, Andrew D Beswick, BSc, Setor K Kunutsor, PhD, Pedro Foguet, FRCS, Martyn Porter, FRCS, Prof Ashley W Blom, PhD The Lancet Infectious Diseases Volume 19, Issue 6, Pages (June 2019) DOI: /S (18) Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions
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Figure 1 Study sample HES=Hospital Episode Statistics for England. PEDW=Patient Episode Database for Wales. *In this research, only data for England and Wales were considered; data collection for Northern Ireland commenced on Feb 1, 2013, and primary and revision procedures from this country could not be considered because of their low number and short follow-up. Data collection for the Isle of Man commenced on July 1, 2015, which was after the endpoint of the study and therefore these data were not considered. †As recorded in HES for the 5 years preceding the primary knee replacement. The Lancet Infectious Diseases , DOI: ( /S (18) ) Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions
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Figure 2 Risk factors of revision for prosthetic joint infection during the overall postoperative period (A) Patient factors. (B) Surgery factors. (C) Health-care system factors. Reference categories are in parentheses. BMI=body mass index. ASA=American Society of Anesthesiologists. TKR=total knee replacement. NHS=National Health Service. *Adjusted p value <0·05, detailed in appendix pp 10–12, alongside the rate ratios and 95% CIs. †Volume refers to the total volume of knee replacements done within the previous 12 months. The Lancet Infectious Diseases , DOI: ( /S (18) ) Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions
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Figure 2 Risk factors of revision for prosthetic joint infection during the overall postoperative period (A) Patient factors. (B) Surgery factors. (C) Health-care system factors. Reference categories are in parentheses. BMI=body mass index. ASA=American Society of Anesthesiologists. TKR=total knee replacement. NHS=National Health Service. *Adjusted p value <0·05, detailed in appendix pp 10–12, alongside the rate ratios and 95% CIs. †Volume refers to the total volume of knee replacements done within the previous 12 months. The Lancet Infectious Diseases , DOI: ( /S (18) ) Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions
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Figure 3 Risk factors of revision for prosthetic joint infection in the first 3 postoperative months (A) Patient factors. (B) Surgery factors. (C) Health-care system factors. Reference categories are in parentheses. BMI=body mass index. ASA=American Society of Anesthesiologists. TKR=total knee replacement. NHS=National Health Service. *Adjusted p value <0·05, detailed in appendix pp 10–12, alongside the rate ratios and 95% CIs. †Volume refers to the total volume of knee replacements performed within the previous 12 months. The Lancet Infectious Diseases , DOI: ( /S (18) ) Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions
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Figure 3 Risk factors of revision for prosthetic joint infection in the first 3 postoperative months (A) Patient factors. (B) Surgery factors. (C) Health-care system factors. Reference categories are in parentheses. BMI=body mass index. ASA=American Society of Anesthesiologists. TKR=total knee replacement. NHS=National Health Service. *Adjusted p value <0·05, detailed in appendix pp 10–12, alongside the rate ratios and 95% CIs. †Volume refers to the total volume of knee replacements performed within the previous 12 months. The Lancet Infectious Diseases , DOI: ( /S (18) ) Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions
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