1. Rocks and the Rock Cycle

2. Three Types of Rocks Rocks are classified by how they form Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Rocks can change from one type to another over time
Schist

3. Rock Classification Rocks are classified by: How they form Texture
Grain size
Mineral composition
Conglomerate Sedimentary Rock

4. Igneous Rocks
Igneous rock: forms when molten rock (magma) cools and hardens
Classified by:
Where they form
Crystal (grain) size
Basalt

5. Intrusive Igneous Rock
Intrusive igneous: cooling takes place slowly beneath Earth’s surface
granite

6. Extrusive Igneous Rock
Extrusive igneous: cooling takes place rapidly on Earth’s surface
Pumice

7. Sedimentary Rock
Sedimentary rock: forms from the compaction and/or cementation of sediments
This process is called lithification
Sediments are:
Rock pieces
Mineral grains
Shell fragments
Limestone

8. How do sediments form?
weathering
Sediments form through the processes of weathering and erosion of rocks exposed at Earth’s surface
erosion

9. Sedimentary Rock con’t….
Sedimentary rock can also form from the chemical depositing of materials that were once dissolved in water
When water evaporates, minerals are left behind and form rock
gypsum

10. Metamorphic Rock
Metamorphic rock: forms when any rock type is changed into a different kind of rock
Changes due to great heat and/or pressure
Gneiss

11. How does rock change?
Rocks are heated, squeezed, folded, or chemically changed by contact with hot fluids
marble

12. The Rock Cycle

13. The Earth Recycles Rock
The rock cycle is an ongoing series of processes inside Earth and on the surface
Slowly changes rocks from one kind to another
Any type of rock can change into another type

14. How does this relate to plate tectonics?
Plate movement drives the rock cycle
Subduction (1 plate pushed under another plate)
Re-melts rock into magma
Mountain building
Folding, faulting, uplift
Exposes rock at the surface to be weathered and eroded

20. Cementation and compaction (lithification)
Heat and pressure
Weathering, transportation(erosion), and deposition
Cooling and solidification
Melting

21. Rocks/Rock Cycle Foldable
Your foldable should include the following:
Name of each rock type
How each rock type formed
A brief description of rock type
At least 2 examples of each rock type
Illustrate 1 example for each rock type

22. Copy Me

23. Do Now – Tuesday March 11
In Textbook:
Complete
pg. 107 #1-8

24. Do Now – Thursday March 4 Rock Texture Composition Comments
Conglomerate
Coarse,
2mm
Rounded pebbles
Rounded pebbles, sand and clay can easily be seen
Sandstone
Medium,
.0625 – 2 mm
Quartz, other minerals and rock fragments
Sand grains can be seen; rough surfaces
Shale
Microscopic, mm
Clays, micas
Has muddy appearance
Limestone
Coarse to fine
Calcite, shells
May contain fossils, seashells; fizzes when in hydrochloric acid
Chert
Fine
Quartz
Is light-colored; also called flint; once used for arrowheads
Rock salt
Halite
Has salty taste;
table salt
Limestone is composed of the mineral
A.               quartz
B.              calcite
C.              halite
D.              gypsum
Based on the information given about each of these rocks, into which rock type would all these examples be classified?
A.               Igneous
B.              Metamorphic
C.              Sedimentary
D.              Mineral

25. Approximate Hardness of Common Objects
Moh's
Hardness Scale
Approximate Hardness of Common Objects
Talc
Gypsum 1 2
Fingernail (2.5)
Calcite 3
Copper penny (3.5)
Fluorite 4
Iron nail (4.5)
Apatite 5
Glass (5.5)
Feldspar 6
Steel file (6.5)
Quartz
Topaz 7
Streak plate (7.0) 8
Corundum 9
Diamond 10
Which statement is best supported by the data shown?
An iron nail contains fluorite.
B. A streak plate is composed quartz.
C.  Topaz is harder than a steel file.
D. Apatite is softer than a copper penny.
Gypsum

26. Based on the processes shown in the diagram, which type of rock is formed at #1?
  A. Sedimentary
 B. Igneous
C. Metamorphic
D. Clastic
Because heat and pressure are needed to form #3, it must be what type of rock?
A.     Sedimentary
B.     Igneous
C.     Metamorphic
D.     Clastic