1. Pathophysiology of asthma: What has our current understanding taught us about new therapeutic approaches? 
Stephen T. Holgate, MD, FMedSci 
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 
Volume 128, Issue 3, Pages (September 2011)
DOI: /j.jaci
Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
The IL-4/IL-13 receptor signaling complex, showing how IL-4 and IL-13 use different and shared components for cellular signaling. The truncate IL-4Rα2 subunit has a higher avidity than the IL-4Rα1 subunit and serves as a counterregulator.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
A depiction of the trajectory of asthma over the life course, showing the influence of environmental factors on reduced lung function at birth, asthma exacerbations, and the accelerated decay in lung function over time as a consequence of remodeling.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Proposed sequence of pathophysiological events underpinning the life course of asthma in its various phenotypic manifestations with associated functional effects and responses to current therapies. ETS, Environmental tobacco smoke.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
A schematic representation of a stratified medical approach to drug discovery for asthma. Note the requirement of greater integration of activity between industry, academia, and health care providers; the need to subphenotype the disease; and the effects this would have on drug discovery for the patient’s benefit.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions