1. Production and manufacture of Medicinal Plants Lecture (2)
Dr Dalia Rasheed

2. Guava Syrup Each 100 ml contain Guava leaf extract 5 ml
Tilia flower extract 5 ml
Fennel oil 1 ml
Thyme oil 1 ml

3. Guava Syrup Guava leaf extract contains: Tannins. Flavonoids.
Triterpenoids.
β-sitosterol.
Tilia flower extract:
Volatile oils.
Fennel oil:
Volatile oil.
Thyme oil:

4. Guava Syrup
Flavonoids: strong antioxidant, antimicrobial agents with cardio-protective effects due to their ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation.
Tannins: antioxidant, antimicrobial agents with prominent astringent effect.
Tannic acid

5. Volatile oils:
Antispasmodic-Essential oils: prevent excessive involuntary muscular contractions and spasms. ( Chamomile, peppermint , Anise)
Analgesics-Essential oils: relief pain, especially when applied locally (Lavender, Eucalyptus, Rosemary)
Antifungal-Essential oils: effective against the reproduction or growth of Candida albicans and other fungi or yeast. (Pine, Rosemary, Geranium)
Antimicrobial-Essential oils: capable of destroying microorganisms or suppressing their multiplication and growth. (Thyme, Clove, Oregano)

6. Homemade Honey & Onion Cough Syrup
                         
 Here’s a recipe for an all-natural cough syrup that is great for adults.
Ingredients: Red onion/garlic, honey, brown sugar/white sugar
Why red/yellow onion or garlic: Onion is contains a milder form of some of the active components in garlic, but both strengthen the immune system, work as natural antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, and expectorants (they loosen up mucous so you can cough it up.)
Why honey: If you have a dry cough, honey is great for soothing itchy and irritated throats as well as a sweetner.

7. Levatec Capsule Each capsule contains
Milk thistle extract (Silymarin) 175 mg
Dandelion root powder 85 mg
Ginger root powder mg
Burdock root powder 60 mg
Another formula; each capsule contains
Silymarin mg
Parsely root extract mg
Globe Artichoke extract (cynarin) 50 mg
Ginseng root extract mg

8. Levatec Capsule Milk thistle extract contains
65–80% Silymarin (a flavonolignan complex)
20–35% fatty acids
Silymarin complex (mechanism of action??)

9. Levatec Capsule Dandelion root contains
Triterpene taraxasteryl acetate
Flavonoid glycosides
20–35% fatty acids
Coumarins & bitter principles
Taraxasteryl acetate
Dandelion indications:
Diuretic, treatment of urinary tract infections.
Choleretic, treatment of liver & gall bladder complaints.
Dyspeptic complaints & loss of appetite.

10. Applied example: Levatec Capsule
Ginger root (rhizome) contains:
Pungent principles (non-volatile constituent); Gingerol.
Essential oils (volatile constituents), which are a mixture of geranial, neral, 1,8-cineole, zingiberene, β-bisabolene and β-sesquiphellandrene.
Pungent principle
Ginger root (Zingiber officinale)
A remedy for nausea and indigestion, colic, irritable bowel, loss of appetite, poor circulation, dyspepsia (bloating, heartburn, flatulence), indigestion and gastrointestinal problems such as gas and stomach cramps.

11. Burdock root contains
Caffeic acid derivatives, chlorogenic acid
Essential oils
Lignans
Triterpenes and phytosterols
Cholesterol
β-sitosterol
Stigmasterol
Burdock is considered to be a diuretic, diaphoretic, and a blood purifying agent.

12. Parsely root contains
Furanocoumarins: bergapten, psoralen & xanthotoxin
Flavonoids (1.9-6%) : mainly apiin
Essential oils ( %) consisting mainly of apiole & myristicin
Parsely is indicated for urinary tract infections, kidney and bladder stones.

13. Globe Artichoke contains
Caffeic acid derivatives, chlorogenic acid & cynarin.
Flavonoids mainly rutin (0.5%).
Sesquiterpene lactone (up to 4%) cynaropicrin & cynaratriol
Artichoke aids digestion, liver and gallbladder functions, reduces cholesterol levels and the total antioxidant activity of artichoke is one of the highest reported for vegetables

14. Ginseng root contains Triterpene saponins termed ginsenosides
Oleanolic acid and its derivatives
Ginseng indications : Antioxidant, antiplatelets, antineoplastic and antiviral drug.

15. Diastop Suspension Each 100 ml contain And what if ??
Tincture Catechu 15 ml
Tincture Belladonna 2 ml
Anise oil ml
Lemon oil ml
Calcium carbonate 8 g
Kaolin 8 g
And what if ??
Lemon fluid extract ml

16. Acacia catechu heartwood contains
Tannins 25%, Catechin 10%
(Uses ????)

17. Belladonna leaves & root contains
(0.2 to 2.0%) tropane alkaloids, The main alkaloid of the total alkaloid complex is (S)-hyoscyamine. In vitro, i.e. in solution, (S)-hyoscyamine undergoes rapid racemisation to atropine, which is R,S-hyoscyamine.
Hyoscyamine
Atropa belladonna preparations are mainly used against spasms and colic pains of the gastro-intestinal and biliary tracts.

18. Anise contains volatile oils & Lemon contain ??
Ascorbic acid
Limonene
Anethole
Anethole has sweet distinct flavor beside potent antimicrobial properties, against bacteria, yeast and fungi.
Vitamin C attains high concentrations in the immune cells, has antimicrobial and promotes lymphocyte proliferation. It is used quickly during infections, which indicates its notable role in immune system regulation.
Limonene is commonly used as a fragrant ingredient in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.

19. Nolaver Cream Ingredients Aloe Vera extract. Rosemary oil. Sesame oil.
Honey extract.
Suggest the flow chart for processing the herbal ingredients of this product.

20. Carminative (Anti-flatulence):
Indications
Antispasmodic:
Chamomile & Fennel: V.O. & Flavonoids.
Peppermint, Clove, Ginger & Turmeric: V.O.
Thyme: Flavonoids.
Ammi visnaga: Coumarins.
Hyoscyamus – Belladonna – Stramonium: Alkaloids.
Carminative (Anti-flatulence):
Chamomile, Fennel, Peppermint, Clove, Ginger, Turmeric, Cinnamon & Caraway: V.O.
Plantago: Mucilage.

21. Digestive (for treatment of Dyspepsia):
Clove, Ginger & Turmeric: V.O.
Chamomile: Bitter principles.
Peppermint: Phenolic acids.
Laxative - Purgative (for treatment of Constipation):
Senna & Rhubarb: Anthraquinone glycosides.
Plantago: Mucilage.
Safflower: Fixed oils.
Anti-diarrheal:
Catechu & Guava: Tannins.
Anti-cough (Expectorant – Antitussive – Demulcent – Bronchial antispasmodic):
Scilla & Liquorice: Saponins.
Thyme: V.O. & Flavonoids.
Guava: Flavonoids.
Tilia: Mucilage.
Turmeric: Curcuminoids.
Lobelia: Alkaloids.

22. Anti-inflammatory: Analgesic: Antimicrobial:
Pumpkin & Saw palmetto: Sterols.
Thyme: Triterpenes.
Chamomile: V.O. & Flavonoids.
Ginger: V.O.
Liquorice: Flavonoids.
Turmeric: V.O. & Curcuminoids.
Echinacea: Phenolic acids & Flavonoids.
Analgesic:
Fennel, Thyme, Tilia, Chamomile, Peppermint & Ginger: V.O.
Antimicrobial:
Fennel, Thyme, Caraway, Cinnamon & Ginger: V.O.
Chamomile: V.O. & Flavonoids.
Guava: Flavonoids & Tannins.
Liquorice: Flavonoids & Coumarins.
Saw palmetto: Flavonoids.
Ammi visnaga: Coumarins.

23. Sedative: Diuretic: Immunomodulatory:
Hyoscyamus – Belladonna – Stramonium: Alkaloids.
Chamomile: V.O. & Flavonoids.
Valerian: V.O. & Irridoides.
Tilia: V.O.
Diuretic:
Tilia: Flavonoids.
Scilla: Saponins.
Immunomodulatory:
Liquorice, Turmeric & Safflower: Polysaccharides.
Echinacea: Polysaccharides & Alkyl amides.

24. Guaveged Syrup Ingredient Phytochemical class Constituent
Use in the product
Chamomile
Volatile oil (blue colored)
Ester of angelic and ortiglic acid, chamazulene
analgesic, anti-spasmodic, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial
Flavonoids
luteolin , quercitin and apigenin
Guava
flavonoids
Luteolin derivatives
Antimicrobial activity
polyphenols
Gallocatechin, leucocyanidin, guaijaverin, amritoside
Thyme
Volatile oil
Thymol
Antibacterial, Expectorant
Luteolin & apigenin
Bronchial antispasmodic
Triterpenes
Ursolic acid & oleanolic acid
Anti-inflammatory

25. Pepon capsule Ingredient Phytochemical class Constituents
Use in the product
Pumpkin
Steroids
Cholesterol, isoavenasterol
Anti-inflammatory
Saw palmito
Flavonoid
Isoquercitin, kaempferol-3-O-glycoside
Antimicrobial
steroid
Β-sisterol, β-sisterol-3-O-glucoside

26. Phytochemical classes
Broncho Syrup
Ingredients
Phytochemical classes
Constituents
Use in the product
Scilla
Triterpene saponin
Expectorant
Liquorice
Saponin glycoside
Glycyrrhetic acid
Flavonoid
Aglycones (liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, isolicoflavanol)
Antimicrobial
Coumarin
Hydroxycoumarin, umbelliferone, glycycoumarin & licopyranocoumarin
 Antimicrobial
Lobelia
Alkaloid
Lobeline, lobelanine, lobelanidin
Expectorant, antitussive
Stramonium
Daturine
Sedative

27. Phytochemical classes
Kellagon effervescent granules
Ingredients
Phytochemical classes
Constituents
Use in the product
Ammi visnaga
Coumarin
Furanocoumarin
Khellin, visnagin
Smooth muscle relaxant (ureter muscle) to expel stones,
Antimicrobial
Cymbogon proximus
Sesquiterpenes
Proximadiol
Diuretic

28. Phytochemical classes
Agiolax Sachets
Ingredients
Phytochemical classes
Constituents
Use in the product
Senna
Anthracene glycoside
Sennosoides A & B
Purgative
Naphthalene der.
6- hydroxymusizin
Plantago
Mucilage
Glacturonoside- rhamnose & arabinoxylan
Bulk laxative ttt of flatulence & constipation
Fatty oil
Iridoid
Aucubin
Ispagula husk
Bulk laxative
Due to fiber content

29. Phytochemical classes
Eucarbon Tablets
Ingredients
Phytochemical classes
Constituents
Use in the product
Senna
Anthraquinones, Anthraquinone glycosides
Sennosoides A & B
Purgative
Naphthalene der.
6- hydroxymusizin
Rhubarb
Emodin, aloe- emodin & rhein
Peppermint
Essential oils
Menthol
Antispasmodic, smooth muscle relaxant
Fennel
Anethole