1. The Constitution Completed: Differing Opinions
“…every member [of the convention] should sign. A few characters of consequence, by opposing or even refusing to sign the Constitution, might do infinite mischief…No man’s ideas were more remote from the plan than [mine are] known to be; but is it possible to deliberate between anarchy…on one side, and the chance of good to be expected from the plan on the other?”
“a Civil war may result from the present crisis…In Massachusetts …there are two parties, one devoted to Democracy, the worst…of all political evils, the other as violent in the opposite extreme…for this and other reasons…the plan should have been proposed in a more mediating shape.”

2. “I confess that there are several parts of this Constitution which I do not at present approve…[But] the older I grow, the more apt I am to doubt my own judgment, and to pay more respect to the judgment of others…In these sentiments…I agree with this Constitution with all its faults, if they are such; because I think a general Government necessary for us…[and] I doubt…whether any other Convention we can obtain, may be able to make a better Constitution. For when you assemble a number of men to have the advantage of their joint wisdom, you inevitably assemble with those men all their prejudices, their passions, their errors of opinion, their local interests, and their selfish views. From such an assembly can a perfect production be expected? It therefore astonishes me…to find this system approaching so near to perfection as it does…Thus I consent…to this Constitution because I expect no better, and because I am not sure, that it is not the best…If every one of us in returning to our Constituents were to report the objections he has had to it…we might prevent its being generally received, and thereby lose all the salutary effects and great advantages resulting naturally in our favor among foreign Nations as well as among ourselves, from a real or apparent unanimity…On the whole…I cannot help expressing a wish that every member of the Convention who may still have objections to it, would with me o this occasion doubt a little of his own infallibility, and to make manifest our unanimity put his name to this instrument.

3. Hammering Out a Bundle of Compromises
After deciding to scrap the Articles of Confederation, what to do?
“Large State Plan” vs. “Small State Plan”
“Great Compromise”

4. Political Negotiation
“Great Compromise”
Upper house  2 delegates from each state
Lower house  based on population
Federal Judicial System
States had own courts and feared losing this power
Convention left creation of system up to new national legislature
Voting was not restricted to just property owners
Upper house chosen by state legislatures
President elected by an electoral college
States and their legislatures had some power + the people had more direct power = acceptance of reduction of state sovereignty?

5. Compromises cont. Constitutional Convention adjourned on 9/17/1787
Slavery
3/5 Compromise
Slave trade would exist for at least 20 years
Separation of Powers
Federalism
States and national government
Branches of government
Legislative
Executive
Judicial
Electoral College
Constitutional Convention adjourned on 9/17/1787
-Constitution now had to be ratified by voters

6. George Mason’s Objections

7. "I have often looked at that behind the president without being able to tell whether it was rising or setting. But now I... know that it is a sun."