1. TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE AND SOCIAL CRIME PREVENTION ESCI, Zugspitze March 4th, 2010 Mag. Maximilian Edelbacher Special investigator, lecturer Dr. Michael Platzer Professor, Chair of NGO`s in Vienna

2. 2 TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE AND SOCIAL CRIME PREVENTION 1. CHANGING CONDITIONS OF SECURITY OF SECURITY 2. TRADITIONAL METHODS OF INVESTIGATION OF INVESTIGATION 3. TECHNOLOGY CHANGES 4. FEAR OF TECHNOLOGIES 5. EIGHT PRINCIPLES OF CP. 6. WHICH SOLUTIONS WORKS?

3. 3 TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE AND SOCIAL CRIME PREVENTION 1. CHANGING CONDITIONS Historically seen over centuries the state claimed to maintain public law and order. This changed to a balance of law and order and fundamental rights if individual personal freedom Fears of terrorism and organized crime, worldwide movements and change of moral concepts are new frame conditions of police work

4. 4 TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE AND SOCIAL CRIME PREVENTION Fears of people – exogene factors: Worldwide movements Development of crime Tendency to violence Terrorism, extremism Trafficking of drugs Corruption, police brutality Violation of human rights

5. 5 TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE AND SOCIAL CRIME PREVENTION 2. TRADITIONAL METHODS OF INVESTIGATION OF INVESTIGATION Traditional methods of investigation are based on criminology knowledge The seven Golden W investigations Methods of personal informations by interviewing suspects, wittnesses Classical investigation methods like crime scene investigations

6. 6 TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE AND SOCIAL CRIME CONTROL 3. TECHNOLOGY CHANGES New Concepts of investigations (1): The present state of electronic technology makes it possible to control citizens at every moment Biometric Technologies Audio- and visual surveillance Internet and E-commerce checking Checking of wireless communication

7. 7 TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE AND SOCIAL CRIME CONTROL New concepts of investigations (2): Computer based wire tapping Eaves dropping Cell phone surveillance Methods of strategic- and operational analyzing Data-Profiling – Behavioral Targeting Pro-active actions Crime mapping, hot spots analyzing Data warehousing

8. 8 TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE AND SOCIAL CONTROL PREVENTION 4. FEAR OF TECHNOLOGY: Art. 8 EHRC defines privacy; there is a tremendous fear of violation of human rights by technical devises Welsh/Farrington 2002: CCP reduction of crime only 4%; no effect on violent crimes Gill/Spriggs 2005: Videotapping brings little overall effect on crime levels Bornewasser 2007: Videotapping only relatively successful

9. 9 TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE AND SOCIAL CRIME PREVENTION Technology and fear of human rights violation – criticism examples: Biometric Technologies: fatal errors Video-surveillance: human rights violations Internet Privacy: investigations without informing data owners – cloud computering, open for hackers, thefts, illegal activities Wireless Communications and local tracking intimate details of personal life – few legal standards for monitoring Wiretapping: no checks and balances Data Profiling – Behavioral Targeting: contain errors, wrong conclusions

10. 10 TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE AND SOCIAL CRIME PREVENTION 5. EIGHT PRINCIPLES OF CRIME 1. Government leadership is required at all levels to create and maintain an institu- levels to create and maintain an institu- tional framework for crime prevention tional framework for crime prevention 2. The integration of crime prevention strategies into development plans (jobs, strategies into development plans (jobs, education, family support, urban planning education, family support, urban planning youth projects) youth projects) 3. Cooperation between government organi- sations, civil society and business sector sations, civil society and business sector 4. Adequate funding for establishing sustainable programmes sustainable programmes

11. 11 TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE AND SOCIAL CRIME PREVENTION 5. Actions should be based on expert knowledge (multidisciplinary under- knowledge (multidisciplinary under- standing of crime problems, causes standing of crime problems, causes and proven effective strategies) and proven effective strategies) 6. Respect for human rights, the rule of law and promotion of a culture of law and promotion of a culture of lawfulness lawfulness 7. Consideration of local offending to exogenous factors – organized crime exogenous factors – organized crime 8. Differentiated strategies for special groups (boys, adult males, vulnerable groups (boys, adult males, vulnerable members of society) re-integration members of society) re-integration strategies for ex-offenders strategies for ex-offenders

12. 12 TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE AND SOCIAL CONTROL PREVENTION 6. WHICH SOLUTIONS WORK? Reduction of crime is possible by: Law & Order: The New York model of No Toller- ance was an answer to crime The New York model of No Toller- ance was an answer to crimeTechnology: Video taping, crime mapping, Social Crime Prevention Implementing care programs Implementing care programs

13. 13 TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE AND SOCIAL CRIME PREVENTION Situational Crime Prevention Methodes: A Model of Crime Prevention shows a triangle: Offender – Place – Target; Situational Crime Prevention Stategies try to reduce possibities for committing crimes By a so called second triangle: Hendler – Manager – Guardian dangerous situations shall be reduced

14. 14 TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE AND SOCIAL CRIME PREVENTION Questions?Discussion?