1. U.S Organization and Pacific Actions

2. Proclamation of Roosevelt
New Production Goals
Increase production of airplanes, tanks, AA, machine guns, and merchant shipping
Increased emphasis on air superiority

3. Belligerent Internment
Internment of aliens from all belligerent nations planned for
Prevented possibility of sabotage and espionage
Main controversy came with internment of U.S. citizens

4. Japanese Internment Spurred by fear and racism
Accused of being the “5th Column” of Japanese army
Little to no real evidence
Army pressured from California delegation and Roosevelt

7. Executive Order 9066 Mass evacuation of those with Japanese ancestry
Japanese interned in “relocation centers”
No real justification for citizen internment
Compensation provided…in 1988

11. Japanese in Hawaii Response not as draconian
No massive internment (still about 1300 by 1942)
Japanese-Americans flock to support U.S. in battalions and infantry units

14. Strategic Position

15. “Fortress Europe”

16. Grand Strategy for WWII
Military dilemma
Main focus should be on Japanese expansion
Soviet and British appear on verge of collapse in Europe
Main effort: Defeat Germany

18. Grand Strategy for WWII
Goal is to tighten ring around Europe
1942 operations: defensive/preparatory/limited
Not prepared for offensives until 1943
Landings would be:
Across Mediterranean into Balkans
Western Europe

19. New Organization Introduction of Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS)
Military chiefs from Britain and U.S.
Highest authority in U.S. military were Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS)
“Joint” actions between military branches
Subordinate committees for logistics, planning, and surveying
Each theater led by single commander
Task Forces created for specific operations and campaigns

20. Army Chief of Staff:
George Marshall
Chief of Naval Ops.
Harold R. Stark
Chief of Army Air Corps
Henry H. Arnold
Pres. Chief of Staff
William D Leahy

21. Division of Responsibility
Combined Ops
GB JCS
Chiang Kai-shek
U.S. JCS

22. General Douglas MacArthur Admiral Chester Nimitz
Pacific Ocean Area (POA):
General Douglas MacArthur
Further division of POA in N, C. and W
SW Pacific Area (SWPA):
Admiral Chester Nimitz

23. European Theater of Operations commanded by Gen. Dwight Eisenhower
Followed after landings in N. Africa

24. Actions in the Pacific

25. Actions in the Pacific Navy salvaging wreckage in Pearl Harbor
Desperately bolstering important positions
ABDA Command created (American-British-Dutch- Australian)

26. Continued Japanese Expansion
Japanese continue unabated into Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore
Mass number of surrendering troops in Singapore and Netherlands Indies
U.S. Asiatic Fleet destroyed piecemeal in Philippines
By Burma, Malaya, Thailand, French Indochina, Netherlands Indies, and Malay Archipelago, New Guinea, Solomons, and New Britain had fallen

28. Fall of the Philippines
Only territory left in 1942
31,000 U.S. troops supported by Regular Filipino Army
Air and naval support virtually non- existent

29. Fall of the Philippines
Japanese invasion begins Dec. 22
MacArthur unable to destroy beach invaders
Withdraw to Bataan Peninsula
Casualties heavy for attackers (and Allies)

31. Fall of the Philippines
U.S. troops surrender in April after artillery destroys American lines
Led to transfer POWs to Cabanatuan
60+ miles
Death, executions, torture
Now known as the Bataan Death March

36. Ben Skardon- 100 years old