1. Chapter 3 – Exploring Collectivism

2. Key Concept
To what extent should we embrace an ideology?

3. Related Issue
Should Ideology be the foundation of identity?

4. Chapter Issue
Should the values of collectivism shape an ideology?

5. Question for Inquiry #1
What are some key understandings of collectivism?

6. Question for Inquiry #2
How are the values of collectivism expressed politically?

7. Question for Inquiry #3
How are the values of collectivism expressed economically?

8. Questions for Inquiry #4
How are the values of collectivism expressed socially?

9. Key Terms Adherence to Collective Norms Collective Interest
Collective Responsibility
Collective Will
Collectivism
Common Good
Communism
Co-Operation
Crown Corporations
Crown Land
Economic Equality
Human Interdependence
Public Property
Social Contract
Socialism

10. Collectivism (Pg 67)
Generally speaking, collectivism refers to when one considers the needs of a group to further the common good , rather than focusing on the individuals in the group

11. Collectivism (Pg 67) Again we will look at
Socially
Economically
Politically
But this time we will focus on collectivism

12. Understanding Collectivism (Pg 68)
A collective is a group of people. This could be a family, tribe, nation or other group of any size.
Collectivism emphasizes the role of human interdependence

13. Understanding Collectivism (Pg 68)
Human interdependence is the idea that people do not live in isolation, but rely on others in many ways to live happy, fulfilling lives.

14. Understanding Collectivism (Pg 68)
Do you belong to any groups or collectives? What are they?

15. Question for Inquiry #1
What are some key understandings of collectivism?
People are part of collectives. Within these collectives there is human interdependence, and we need this to live happy and fulfilling lives.

16. Early Collectivist Ideas (Pg 69)
Most early civilizations were collectivists societies.
They needed to be in order to survive.
A great Canadian example of this is Aboriginal groups.

17. Early Collectivist Ideas (Pg 69)
Collectivism believes that there is an interconnectedness between everyone in society.
This thought is called a holistic approach, which suggests that the group is more important than all of the individuals on their own.

18. Understanding Collectivism Summary (Pg 70)
Collectivism is the idea that individuals do not live in isolation, but rather rely on others in many ways
To achieve the common good, the group, rather than the individual, must be considered.

19. Understanding Collectivism Summary (Pg 70)
Collectivism can be seen in many acts that we do every day:
Recycling, carpooling, public transit, obeying the law.
These ideas above do not benefit the group more than any individual alone.

20. Métis Holistic Worldview (Pg 70)
Look at the tree diagram on page 70

21. Political Expressions of Collectivism (Pg 71)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau ( ) wrote an essay called the social contract
In this essay he discussed the idea of people giving up their self interest to follow the collective will of society
This is the foundation of collectivism, socialism, and communism

22. Political Expressions of Collectivism (Pg 71)
By giving up our self interests and following the collective will, society as a whole will be better of and move us to the common good.

23. Political Expressions of Collectivism (Pg 71)
Thomas Hobbes also believed in the idea of social contracts. However, he thought that they were important because without it life would be “ solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short”

24. Political Expressions of Collectivism (Pg 71)
Karl Marx (1848) wrote one of the most influential political documents in history The Communist Manifesto.
He believed that if the workers could take collective control of industry and property they would be able to create a classless society.

25. Political Expressions of Collectivism (Pg 71)
Karl Marx believed that the property would be shared for the common good and not just for a select few.
This would lead to a society the promoted the common good.

26. Collective Interest (Pg 72)
A collective interest is a goal or ideal that will benefit the group as a whole rather than one individual or group.
Individuals may be asked to sacrifice some of their goals to help promote the common goals

27. Collective Interest (Pg 72)
Collective interests are the foundations of many social movements and lobby groups.
Examples include MADD, PETA, Assembly of First Nations, and many more.

28. Collective Interest (Pg 72)
Collectives represent people with common interests and goals who come together to press for change and reform

29. Collective Responsibility (Pg 73)
Along with goals and ideals collectives try and achieve, they also have collective responsibilities.
There are two aspects of collective responsibilities; the groups responsibility for the actions of members and the members responsibilities to the group

30. Collective Responsibility (Pg 73)
A group may be rewarded or punished as a group because of the actions of one or more of its members.
If a factory dumps toxic waste into a river the entire city will be affected because of the act of one or few individuals.

31. Collective Responsibility (Pg 73)
An individual member of a group has a responsibility to that group.
People in society agree to obey the law or face consequences
People in Canada have a responsibility to vote

32. Restorative Justice Programs (Pg 74)
Read Page 74 and 75 about restorative Justice Programs.

33. Restorative Justice Programs (Pg 74)
What is a restorative justice program?
What is a sentencing circle?
Why would the Canadian legal system allow these types of programs?
Why can they be effective when other means have failed?

34. Restorative Justice Programs (Pg 76)
Restorative Justice Programs may include
Mediated communication between victim and offender
Family group conferencing
Sentencing Circles
Sentences reached by consensus

35. Restorative Justice Programs (Pg 74)
Restorative justice programs include
Sentencing circles
Community Conferencing
Victim-Offender Mediation
North Korean Prison Camps

36. Restorative Justice Programs (Pg 76)
Restorative justice is becoming more common with
Aboriginal groups
Youth

37. Restorative Justice Programs (Pg 76)
Read the bottom of pg 76 and top of 77 on Collective responsibility in North Korea.

38. Restorative Justice Programs (Pg 76)
How is collective responsibility in North Korea different from Canada?
Do you think that this kind of collective responsibility is effective? Acceptable?

39. Collective Responsibility Summary (Pg 77)
A social contract is an agreement between the members of society as individuals to follow the collective will in order to create common good for all.
Individuals will need to give up self-interest in order to do what is best for the group.

40. Collective Responsibility Summary (Pg 77)
Collective interest are goals that promote group betterment rather than individual gain.
Collective responsibilities refers to the rules of individual members within the group. The group is also responsible for the actions of all its members.

41. Questions
Page 77 - #1, 2, 4,
We will discuss these as a class

42. Video
Communism and Socialism

43. Question for Inquiry #2
How are the values of collectivism expressed politically?

45. Economic Expression of Socialism (roots of collectivism in economics (Pg 78)
In the 1800’s Europe and North America went through an industrial revolution.
Factory owners and middle class became wealthier

46. Roots of Collectivism in Economics (Pg 78)
Factory workers started to feel they were not getting their fair share of the wealth
The working class started to suffer from the effects of pollution, crowding, poverty, dangerous working conditions

47. Roots of Collectivism in Economics (Pg 78)
Political ideas that focused on the growing gap between the rich and the poor began to develop and spread
Karl Marx (communism)
Socialism

48. Integrating Values of Collectivism and Individualism (Pg 79)
Can the values of individualism and collectivism co-exist?
Canada does not have economic equality; however we do have government funded programs that are meant to help all Canadians when they need it.

49. Integrating Values of Collectivism and Individualism (Pg 79)
Very possible diploma type long answer response:
To what extent can we balance the individual interests and the interests of the common good in society?

50. Economics in the Headlines (Pg 80)
What points of view (collectivist or individualist) are demonstrated in each headline?
What is the role of the government in the area of wealth redistribution?

51. Political Cartoons (Pg 81)
Strategy for understanding political cartoons.
Read all of the text in the cartoon
Start with the title
Next any subtitles
Any text bubbles
Look for familiar faces and try to understand why those images were used
Examine and other pictures or images
What is the artist trying to say? What is the message?

52. Public Property (Pg 81)
Public property is any property that does not have an owner. It is usually owned by the state, and the property is used in the best interest of society
Public property could be land, vehicles, buildings etc.

53. Public Property (Pg 81)
Differing Ideologies have different opinions on how much public property their should be.
Could be very little, or as much as all factories and business are publicly owned.

54. Public Property (Pg 81)
What are some examples of public property in Canada?

55. Public Property (Pg 81)
Arguments for public property say that the individual will be motivated to do well so as to ensure they receive the intended benefit
Critiques say that for larger groups the benefits are so minimal that it goes against human nature and the system will fail.

56. Political Cartoon
Look at the cartoon on the top of page 81 and think about an answer to the question to the right of the cartoon.

57. Privatization of Natural Resources (Pg 82)
Individualist generally believe that resources in best in the hand of private ownership
Collectivist generally believe that resources are best left in the government hands
In reality, a combination is usually preferred by both groups. What combinations are desired will depend on the group.

58. Privatization of Natural Resources (Pg 82)
In Canada many of our natural resources are controlled by private corporations and these corporations provide jobs for many people.

59. Privatization of Natural Resources (Pg 82)
Privatization is the transfer of public resources in to the hands of private enterprise.
Many people do not believe that privatization is positive for the majority of society

60. Privatization of Natural Resources (Pg 82)
To what extent should governments be allowed to privatize national resources? Explain your answer.

61. Privatization of Essential Resources (Pg 83)
Read the section title “ An International Example of Privatizing Resources” on Pg
Who do you think has the more convincing argument?
What are the strengths of each argument
Does all the evidence support the position effectively
Does each side leave out important or relevant information
Are appropriate facts used strategically to build up a strong argument.

62. Cooperative (Pg 84)
A co-operative is an enterprise that is owned and operated by a group of people for their mutual benefit.
Examples include:
Daycares
Health care centers
Stores
Credit Unions

63. Cooperatives (Pg 84)
What are the potential benefits of cooperatives?

64. Summary of Economic Expressions of Collectivism (Pg 85)
Poor working conditions after the industrial revolution led to new collective ideas of the economy
These ideas were inspired by Karl Marx and other philosophers
Collectivist ideas today include
Crown Land
Crown Corporations
Co-operatives

65. Social Expressions of Collectivism (Pg 86)
Social values influence the decisions we make about the relationships we create and develop with other people.
Identity is made up of our unique experiences and from involvement in groups and relationships we have.

66. Cooperation (Pg 86)
Cooperation means to work together to reach a common goal
Cooperation is an important aspect of collective thinking.

67. Collective Responsibility (Pg 87)
Collective responsibility means the group is responsible for all of its members and the members are responsible to the group rather than themselves.

68. Collective Responsibility (Pg 87)
Standing up to bullies is an example of collective behavior.
Can you think of any other example of behaviors that suggest collective responsibility?

69. Adherence to Collective Norms (Pg 88)
How do we get members of a collective society to align themselves with group goals rather than individual goals.
Collective norms are accepted rules, behaviors and values that have been set out by the group.

70. Adherence to Collective Norms (Pg 88)
Often when a member of the groups has a different opinion than the group they keep it a secret because they do not want to be pressure or looked down upon by the group.

71. Adherence to Collective Norms (Pg 88)
Individuals that support the group goals are more closely attached to the group compared to those who do not believe strongly in the group goals.

72. Adherence to Collective Norms (Pg 88)
Can you think of an example in your life when you felt pressure to adhere to the collective norms?

73. Summary of Social Expressions of Collectivism (Pg 89)
In a collective society individuals
Cooperate
Display collective responsibility
Adhere to collective norms

74. Related Issue
Should Ideology be the Foundation of Identity

75. Chapter Issue
Should the Values of Collectivism shape an ideology?

76. Question for inquiry #1
What are some key understandings of collectivism?

77. Question for inquiry #2
How are the values of collectivism expressed politically?

78. Question for Inquiry #3
How are the values of collectivism expressed economically?

79. Question for Inquiry #4
How are values of Collectivism Expressed Socially?

80. Terms Adherence to Collective Norms Collective Interest
Collective Responsibility
Collective Will
Collectivism
Common Good
Communism
Co-Operation
Crown Corporations
Crown Land
Economic Equality
Human Interdependence
Public Property
Social Contract
Socialism

81. Key Skill
Evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of an argument and evidence.