1. Video-assisted bilateral pulmonary vein isolation and left atrial appendage exclusion for atrial fibrillation 
Randall K. Wolf, MD, E. William Schneeberger, MD, Robert Osterday, PA, Doug Miller, MED, Walter Merrill, MD, John B. Flege, MD, A. Marc Gillinov, MD 
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 
Volume 130, Issue 3, Pages (September 2005)
DOI: /j.jtcvs
Copyright © 2005 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Top, Dry bipolar RF clamp and RF generator system (Atricure, Inc). Bottom left, Right thoracoscopic view of the dry bipolar clamp in place on the left atrial antrum, medial to the right pulmonary veins. Inset, Objective digital graph display of conductance of the tissue clamped between the devices. Bottom right, Visible ablation lines on the epicardial surface after 8-second applications.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2005 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Lighted articulating dissector used to bluntly surround the pulmonary veins (Wolf dissector).
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2005 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Left thoracoscopic view of the dry bipolar clamp in place on the left atrial antrum, medial to the left pulmonary veins.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2005 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions