1. The Integumentary System

3. The skin is considered to be:
A membrane because it covers the body
An organ because it contains several kinds of tissues
A system because it has organs and other parts that work together for a specific function

4. On an average adult, the skin covers over 3,000 square inches of surface area and accounts for about 15% of total body weight.

5. Functions Protection Sensory perception Regulation of body temperature
Storage
Absorption
Excretion
Production

7. 3 layers to skin:
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous

8. Epidermis Outermost layer of skin Made of five to six smaller layers
Contains no blood vessels or nerve cells
Complete regeneration every days

9. Dermis Called the “true skin”
Contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves, involuntary muscles, sweat and oil glands and hair follicles
Ridges in the dermis forms unique patterns for each individual (papillae)
Patterns are used for identification purposes (fingerprints)

10. Subcutaneous (hypodermis)
Innermost layer of skin
Made of elastic and fibrous connective tissue and adipose (fatty) tissue
Connects skin to underlying muscles

11. Glands of the skin:
Sudoriferous glands
Sebaceous glands

12. Sudoriferous glands “Sweat glands”
Coiled tubes that extend through dermis
Open on surface of skin at an opening called a pore
Eliminate sweat or perspiration that contains water, salts, and some body wastes
Sweat contains body wastes
Basically odorless
When sweat interacts with bacteria on skin, body odor occurs

13. Sebaceous glands Oil glands Usually open onto a hair follicle
Produce oil called sebum
Keeps hair from becoming dry and brittle
Slightly acidic, so it acts as an antibacterial and antifungal secretion to help prevent infections
Blackheads or pimples occur when oil glands becomes plugged with dirt and oil

14. Sebaceous Glands
Glands are located all over the body except for soles of feet and palms
Sebaceous glands help slow water loss during dry weather

15. Skin Color-Erythema

16. Skin Color-Jaundice

17. Skin Color-Cyanosis

18. Skin Color—Albino Absence of skin pigments Skin has pinkish tint
Hair is pale yellow or white
Eyes are red in color and sensitive to light

19. Skin Eruptions Macules- flat, (ex. Freckles)
Papules- firm, raised areas (ex. Pimples)
Vesicles-blisters (ex. chickenpox)
Pustules-pus filled sacs (ex.acne)
Crusts- dried pus & blood (ex. scabs)
Wheals- itchy elevated areas (ex. Bites)
Ulcer-deep loss of skin surface

20. Diseases/Conditions

21. Inflammation of the skin that results to overexposure of UV radiation
Sunburn
Inflammation of the skin that results to overexposure of UV radiation

22. Sunburn

23. Cause: Overexposure to sun without protection

24. Skin Cancer Cancer of the skin. The most common type of cancer.
Three types:
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma

25. Melanoma (change in color and irregular border
Squamous Cell is more common among fair skinned people and people >50yo
Melanoma (change in color and irregular border
Basal Cell-appears at areas with increased sun exposure

26. Nevi (Mole)

27. Causes: Over exposure to the sun, prolonged use of tanning beds, irritating chemicals, or radiation

28. Varicella (chicken pox)
Highly contagious illness caused by a virus. Starts with vesicles and spreads quickly throughout body. Fever accompanies it.

29. Varicella (chicken pox)

30. Cause: Contagious Virus

31. Psoriasis
Chronic, non-contagious skin disease with periods of exacerbations and remission.
Symptoms: Thick, red areas covered with white or silver scales.

32. Psoriasis

33. Cause: Unknown (stress, cold weather, pregnancy, sunlight exacerbate the disease)

34. Molluscum Contagiosum
Contagious viral infection of the skin

35. Molluscum

36. Cause: Viral (contagious)

37. Impetigo
Highly contagious skin infection usually caused by streptococci or staphylococci organisms.

38. impetigo

39. Causes: Streptococci or Staphylococci (Contagious)

40. A painful sore with a hard core filled with pus
Furuncle (Boil)
A painful sore with a hard core filled with pus

41. Furuncle (boil)

42. Furuncle (Boil)

43. Cause: Deep infection of a hair follicle

44. Cellulitis
Inflammation of body tissue characterized by swelling, redness, and pain.

45. Cellulitis

46. Cause: Bacteria invades deep into skin tissue

47. Inflammation of the sebaceous glands.
Acne Vulgaris
Inflammation of the sebaceous glands.

48. Acne

49. Cause: Unknown (possible hormone related or increased secretion of sebum)

50. Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
Acute inflammation of nerve cells and is caused by the herpes virus.

51. Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

52. Shingles (Herpes Virus)

53. Causes: Herpes virus

54. Highly contagious fungal infection of the skin or scalp
Ringworm
Highly contagious fungal infection of the skin or scalp

55. Ringworm

56. Causes: Fungus

57. Viral infection of the skin usually occurring at pressure points
Warts (Verrucae)
Viral infection of the skin usually occurring at pressure points

58. Warts (Verrucae)

59. Cause: Virus

60. A highly contagious viral disease
Measles
A highly contagious viral disease

61. Measles

62. Cause: Virus

63. Diabetic Ulcer

64. Cause: Chronic Uncontrolled Blood Sugar

65. Poison Ivy

66. Cause: Sensitivity with contact to the plant

67. Lipoma

68. Cause: unknown….genetic factors do play a role

69. Abrasion

70. Cause: Injury resulting from rubbing or scraping the skin

71. Keloid

72. Cause: Excessive collagen formation during healing

73. Striae

75. Cause: Rapid stretching of the skin causes tearing of dermis layer

76. Athlete’s Foot

77. Cause: Fungal Infection

78. Skin Grafting

85. Nail Inspection
Note: color, length, configuration, symmetry, and cleanliness
Nail base: should feel hard and smooth with uniform thickness
Condition of fingernails:
provide important insight to pt.’s sense of self
can be reflective of health status

86. Clubbing of Nails
Schmroth’s Test