1. Heavy Industry
What were the results of the Soviet Union's command economy and its emphasis on heavy industry?
Stalin's economic plan
Production of goods for export
Use of incoming capital to buy machinery and technology
Results
New power plants, canals, and factories
40% increase in industrial production
Development of Soviet hydrogen bomb and space satellite
Lack of consumer goods
Housing shortage

2. Heavy Industry Post-Stalin leaders
Khrushchev: Tried to encourage consumer-goods production and agricultural expansion
Brezhnev: Continued emphasis on heavy industry
Results
Huge state bureaucracy, leading to inefficiency and indifference
Failure of collective agriculture due to lack of incentive to produce

3. Heavy Industry
What were the results of the Soviet Union's command economy and its emphasis on heavy industry?
Stalin's economic plan
Production of goods for export
Use of incoming capital to buy machinery and technology
Results
New power plants, canals, and factories
40% increase in industrial production
Development of Soviet hydrogen bomb and space satellite
Lack of consumer goods
Housing shortage

4. Heavy Industry Post-Stalin leaders
Khrushchev: Tried to encourage consumer-goods production and agricultural expansion
Brezhnev: Continued emphasis on heavy industry
Results
Huge state bureaucracy, leading to inefficiency and indifference
Failure of collective agriculture due to lack of incentive to produce

5. Communist Governments in Eastern Europe
Which parts of Eastern Europe were under Soviet control following World War II?
At end of WWII, most of Eastern Europe and Balkans occupied by Soviet army
Soviet satellite states: East Germany, Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia
Had Communist governments under Soviet control
Eliminated noncommunist political parties
Set up institutions of repression: secret police, military forces
Instituted Soviet-style five-year plans, with emphasis on heavy industries and collectivized agriculture and few consumer goods

6. Communist Governments in Eastern Europe
Albania: Communist government, but independent of Soviets
Yugoslavia: Independent Communist government led by Tito, avoiding Soviet control

7. Resistance to Soviet Control
How did countries resist Soviet control? What was the Soviet response to resistance?
Country
Resistance
Reaction
Poland
1956: Protests lead to reform in the Polish Communist Party.
Poles fear Soviet response, pledge loyalty.
Hungary
1956: Hungarian protests lead to party reforms. Nagy (party leader) promises free elections.
Soviet army attacks Budapest. Nagy is arrested and executed.
Czechoslovakia
1968: Dubcek introduces democratic reforms—known as the Prague Spring.
Soviet army invades Budapest and crushes reform movement.