1. DNA & Protein Synthesis

2. History
Before the 1940’s scientists didn’t know what material caused inheritance.
They suspected it was either DNA or proteins.

3. History
A series of experiments proved that DNA was the genetic material responsible for inheritance.

5. DNA O O=P-O N CH2 C1 C4 C3 C2 Phosphate Group Nitrogenous base
(A, T, G, C)
CH2 C1 C4 C3 C2 5
Sugar
(deoxyribose)

6. DNA - double helix T A P O 1 2 3 4 5 P O 1 2 3 4 5 G C T A

7. DNA
The genetic code is a sequence of DNA nucleotides in the nucleus of cells.

8. DNA DNA is complementary
Complementary: bases on one strand match up with the bases on the other strand (A-T and G-C)
Example:
Strand 1- ATG GGC CTA
Strand 2- TAC CCG GAT

9. DNA Replication Replication Process by which DNA copies itself
Happens when chromosomes copy themselves before mitosis and meiosis
Semi-conservative replication: Each new piece of DNA is made up of 1 old strand and 1 new strand

10. Original DNA
DNA unzips
Each original strand grows a new strand

11. DNA never ever leaves the nucleus
DNA is the master copy of the directions a cell needs to live so it needs to be protected
DNA in the nucleus is safe
But DNA in the cytoplasm can be destroyed

12. DNA
Gene - a segment of DNA that codes for a protein, which in turn codes for a trait (skin tone, eye color, etc.)
A gene is a stretch of DNA.

13. RNA is a copy of DNA that goes out into the cytoplasm to tell the cell what to do in order to stay alive
RNA: ribonucleic acid
You can always make more RNA so it’s ok if it gets destroyed (You can’t make more DNA!!!)

14. RNA O O=P-O N CH2 C1 C4 C3 C2 Phosphate Group Nitrogenous base
(A, U , G, C )
CH2 C1 C4 C3 C2 5
Sugar
(ribose)

15. T – A G – C U – A G – C DNA RNA How many strands? 2 1
Nucleotide subunit
Deoxyribose sugar
Ribose sugar
Bases
______ (T)
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
______ (U)
Phos-phate Group
Deoxyribose
Sugar
Nitro-gen
Base
Phos-phate Group
Ribose Sugar
Nitro-gen
Base
T – A
G – C
U – A
G – C

16. RNA
Function: obtain information from DNA & synthesizes proteins

17. 3 differences from DNA Single strand instead of double strand
Ribose instead of deoxyribose
Uracil instead of thymine

18. 3 types of RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA)- copies information from DNA for protein synthesis
Codon- 3 base pairs that
code for a single amino
acid.
codon

19. 3 types of RNA
2. Transfer RNA (tRNA)- collects amino acids for protein synthesis
Anticodon-a sequence of 3 bases that are complementary base pairs to a codon in the mRNA

20. 3 types of RNA
3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)- combines with proteins to form ribosomes

21. Amino Acids Amino acids- the building blocks of protein
At least one kind of tRNA is present for each of the 20 amino acids used in protein synthesis.