1. The Human Heart
Open Heart Notes

2. Location In the thoracic cavity, specifically the mediastinum.
It's tipped slightly so that a part of it sticks out and taps against the left side of the chest.
Notice how it is attached to the diaphragm in the picture.

4. Size of Heart
The adult heart is approximately 14 cm long and 9 cm wide.
Do these two people
have the same size heart?
No- Heart size varies
with body size.

5. Covering of the Heart Pericardium-
Covers the heart and proximal ends of the superior blood vessels

6. Wall of the Heart
EPICARDIUM- outer layer, protects the heart by reducing friction
MYOCARDIUM- middle layer, consists of cardiac muscle tissue that pumps blood out of the heart chambers
ENDOCARDIUM- inner layer, houses specialized fibers that conduct cardiac impulses

7. 1 4 5 2 3
Word Bank: ENDOCARDIUM, EPICARDIUM, MYOCARDIUM, PERICARDIAL CAVITY, PERICARDIUM

8. ENDOCARIUM
EPICARDIUM
MYOCARIDUM 2 3 1

9. Heart Chambers and Valves

10. The Cardiac Cycle (One heartbeat)
You can watch this animation if you want to review the cardiac cycle before the test. Link: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

11. What vessels bring blood to the right atrium
What vessels bring blood to the right atrium? Superior and inferior vena cava

12. Why is the blood entering the right atrium low in oxygen?
The oxygen was used by cells to make ATP
The oxygen was exhaled through the lungs
The heart cannot accept oxygenated blood -

13. Blood moves from the right atrium into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve.

14. Blood leaves the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery and travels to the lungs getting rid of ( carbon dioxide / oxygen ) and picking up ( carbon dioxide / oxygen ).

15. Blood returns to the heart by way of the pulmonary veins, entering the left atrium.

16. Blood is pushed through the mitral (bicuspid) valve into the left ventricle.

17. Blood leaves the heart via the aorta, traveling to the rest of the body.

18. Heart Transplant Now watch this video of a heart transplant.
Look for the structures you’ve just learned about.