1. Introduction of Week 5 Assignment Discussion
2011 Fall
Assignment Discussion
Graded 2-1 (VM): DVD issue, VM workstation, activation key, troubleshoot skills
Graded 2-2 (Paper on DBA): academic source (not internet), citation and style, turnitin.com, your expectation, and quality of research
Turned in: (DBMS installation)
Due this week: (creation of database)
Review of previous week and module
Database design including conceptual, logical and physical
Oracle database creation
Overview of this week
Database Connectivity
Oracle Database Connectivity and Network
ITEC 450

2. Module 2 Database Installation and Configuration
2011 Fall
Module 2 Database Installation and Configuration
ITEC 450
Section 5 Database Connectivity

3. Multi-tier Client/Server Architecture
2011 Fall
Thinnest clients
Business rules on separate server
ITEC 450
DBMS only on DB server

4. Functions of Tiers
2011 Fall
ITEC 450

5. Database Connectivity API
2011 Fall
The database connectivity application programming interface (API) performs three functions:
Establish a connection with a database or access any tabular data source
Send SQL statements
Process the results
There are many standards of API’s. For DBMS- independent usage, the most common ones are ODBC and JDBC.
ODBC goal is to make it possible to access any data (relational or non-relational) from any application, regardless of which DBMS is handling the data.
JDBC is for between the Java programming language and a wide range of database.
ITEC 450

6. Open Database Connectivity (ODBC ) Architecture
2011 Fall
Client does not need to know anything about the DBMS
Application Program Interface (API) provides common interface to all DBMSs
ITEC 450
Each DBMS has its own ODBC-compliant driver

7. ODBC Role
2011 Fall
ITEC 450

8. Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) Architecture
2011 Fall
JDBC API contains two major sets of interfaces
First, the JDBC API for application writes
Second, the lower-level JDBC driver API for driver writers
JDBC technology drivers fit into one of four categories
JDBC-ODBC bridge plus ODBC drivers
A native API partly Java technology-enabled driver: converts JDBC into DBMS- specific client API
ITEC 450

9. Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) Architecture (continue)
2011 Fall
Four categories (continue)
Direct-to-Database pure Java Driver: converts JDBC into DBMS-specific network protocol, allowing a direct call from the client machine to the DBMS server
Pure Java Driver for Database Middleware: translates JDBC into a DBMS protocol by a middleware server, which is then translated to a DBMS protocol by a middleware server. The middleware provides connectivity to many different databases.
ITEC 450

10. Module 2 Database Installation and Configuration
2011 Fall
Module 2 Database Installation and Configuration
ITEC 450
Section 6 Oracle 11g Connectivity and Network

11. Oracle NET Services Oracle Net Oracle Net Listener
2011 Fall
Oracle Net Service is a suite of networking components that provide enterprise-wide connectivity solutions in distributed, heterogeneous computing environments.
Oracle Net
Oracle Net Listener
Oracle Connection Manager
Networking Tools
Oracle Advanced Security
ITEC 450

12. C1: Oracle NET
2011 Fall
Oracle Net enables a network session from a client application to an Oracle database server.
Once a network session is established, Oracle Net acts as the data courier for both the client application and the database server.
Network protocols: TCP/IP, TCP/IP with SSL, Named Pipes
ITEC 450

13. C2: Oracle NET Listener
2011 Fall
Oracle Net listener, commonly known as the listener, brokers a client request, handing off the request to the server.
It is the operation unique to the Oracle database server.
Once a connection is established, the client and Oracle database server communicate directly with one another.
ITEC 450

14. C2: Listener Configuration
2011 Fall
The default listener configuration file is called “listener.ora”, and it is located in the $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin directory.
The file contains a protocol address that identifies the database.
Example file of “listener.ora”
LISTENER= (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS_LIST= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales- server)(PORT=1521)) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc))))
SID_LIST_LISTENER= (SID_LIST= (SID_DESC= (SID_NAME=plsextproc) (ORACLE_HOME=/oracle10g) (PROGRAM=extproc)))
ITEC 450

15. C2: Listener Management
2011 Fall
Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control or Command Line (lsnrctl)
View information
C:> lsnrctl status
Current status, availability, alias, version, Oracle home, Net address, configuration file location, start time, host
Stop the listener
C:> lsnrctl stop
Start the listener
C:> lsnrctl start
It is set to start automatically whenever your server computer is restarted
ITEC 450

16. C2: Connect Descriptor Connection Requests User name Password
2011 Fall
Connection Requests
User name
Password
Connect identifier
Naming Methods to a Connect Descriptor
“tnsnames.ora”
LDAP
External
ITEC 450
Connect Descriptor
Protocol
Database service name
Database Service
Listener

17. C2: Naming Methods
2011 Fall
A naming method is a resolution method used by a client application to resolve a connect identifier to a connect descriptor when attempting to connect to a database service.
Oracle Net provides support for following naming methods:
Local naming – local file “tnsnames.ora”
Directory naming – LDAP-compliant directory server
Easy connect naming – TCP/IP connect string
External naming – third-party naming service such as Network Information Service (NIS)
ITEC 450

18. C2: Local Naming
2011 Fall
Local Naming is most appropriate for simple distributed networks with a small number of services that change infrequently. It resolves a “net service name” stored in a “tnsnames.ora” file.
The default “tnsnames.ora” file is located in the $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin directory.
When you create a database using DBCA, local naming is configured automatically.
ITEC 450

19. C3: Oracle Connection Manager
2011 Fall
Oracle connection manager is a router through which a client connection request may be sent either to its next hop or directly to the database server.
It is a software component that resides on its own computer, separate from a client or an Oracle database server.
ITEC 450

20. C4: Networking Tools
2011 Fall
Oracle Net Services provides user interface tools to easily configure, manage, and monitor the network.
Oracle Net Configuration Assistant
Configures listeners and Naming Methods
To start Oracle Net Configuration Assistant:
On Windows, choose Start > Programs > Oracle - HOME_NAME > Configuration and Migration Tools > Net Configuration Assistant
On UNIX, run netca from $ORACLE_HOME/bin.
Oracle Enterprise Manager
Oracle Net Manager
Enables you to configure Oracle Net Services for an Oracle home on a local client or server host.
Can fine-tune the listener and naming method
ITEC 450

21. Wrap Up Assignment 5-1: Research Paper: Database Connectivity
2011 Fall
Assignment 5-1: Research Paper: Database Connectivity
Note: you are not limited to Oracle DBMS. If you would like to research on a different DBMS, such as SQL Server or DB2, please feel free to do so.
Assignment 5-2: Arrange for a Proctor for Mid- Term
ITEC 450