1. The schematic of formation of vortex ring T1.
The schematic of formation of vortex ring T1. The initial vortex loop T1 is shown on the left. The motion of the tail in the opposite direction creates the vortex loop T2, which is connected to the initial vortex loop T1 (middle). The vortex loop T1 pinches off from T2 to form a vortex ring (right). The shaded area is the tail and the arrows indicate the direction of the tail motion or the rotation of the vorticity.
Iman Borazjani et al. J Exp Biol 2012;215:
© 2012.