1. NGC3184 Tetyana Dyachyshyn Professor Jennifer West
University of Manitoba
April 7, 2016 1

2. Outline Introduction Data and observations
Basic information
Location in the sky
Images from other telescopes
Other interesting details
Data and observations
Observing conditions
Final image reduction
Best manipulated images
Current research and knowledge
Background paper and how it relates to the object
Image Colorization
Focus area 2

3. Introduction Basic information
NGC 3184 is a grand face-on spiral galaxy.
Other designations: UGC 5557
Nucleus: small and bright
Arms: long and sprawling; blue (bright young stars)  
Gibes.html 3

4. Introduction Location in the sky
Equatorial Coordinates:  
           RA (J2016) 10h 18m 18s
           Dec (J2016) +41° 20' 09‘’
Constellation: one degree east of the 3rd magnitude star Tania Australis (μUMa)
40 Mly away 4

5. Introduction Images from other telescopes
Red filter
Size: 7'×7'
Telescope: Oschin Scmidt – D (distorted Tangent plane projection)
          Instrument: Photographic Plate
          Date/Time: 21 March 1990 at 04:23:00
          Exposure Time: 75 minutes
Resolution: 2“
Bandpass: THz
                           
  Credit: Digitized Sky Survey 5

6. Introduction Images from other telescopes
Radio part of the spectrum (21 cm - red)
Red – HII
Center – neutral Hydrogen gas
Green – 8micron emission
Spitzer Space Telescope 6

7. Data and observations Observing conditions
February 11, 2016
Sayeema
- 15 degrees C
10% covered
Waxing crescent moon
Transparency average
Seeing poor 2/5
March 13, 2007
David, Nicole, Randi, Aaron, Caroline
-5 degrees C
Cloud cover in the beginning: 5/10 covered; in the end (1/10 covered)
University of Manitoba GAO Observing Logbook 7

8. Data and observations 2016 Final image
January 28, 2016 8

9. Data and observations 2016 Final image unique processing steps
Dark: 2m exposure
Flat: 2m exposure
Dark: 60s exposure
Data: 60s exposure 9

10. Data and observations Best manipulated images
332rgb
Nucleus 10

11. Data and observations Best manipulated images
Fire
Faint regions 11

12. Data and observations Best manipulated images
ICA
Star forming regions 12

13. Data and observations Best manipulated images
Grayscale 13

14. Current research and knowledge Research topic
A supernova is a large explosion that takes place at the end of a star's life cycle.
Supernova IIP: the luminosity decays at a slower rate.
Stars with an initial mass up to about 90 times the sun, or a little less at high metalicity, are expected to result in a type II-P supernova which is the most commonly observed type.
“Supernovas of this type change brightness in a predictable way and may be searched for in the distant universe as distance indicators. “
Credits: NASA 14

15. Current research and knowledge Research paper
An upper mass limit for the progenitor of the TypeII-P supernova SN1999gi
Stephen J. Smartt, Gerard F. Gilmore, Neil Trentham, Christopher A. Tout, Colin M. Frayn
Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 OHA, Cambridge, England
25 May 2001 15

16. Current Research and Knowledge Research Paper
Supernova type: II-P
Discovered on: December 9th 1999
Discovered by: Nakano & Kushida
Magnitude: 14.5
Location: young OB star cluster 2.3kpc from the centre of NGC3184
Observations by: the Wide-Field-Planetary-Camera-2 (WFPC2) on board of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) two times through the filters F606W and F300W
Distance to NGC3184: 7.9Mpc (the massive and brightest stars are resolved as single objects 16

17. Current Research and Knowledge Research Paper
The distance to NGC3184 has been estimated by three methods which give approximate value of 7.9 ± 2 Mpc.
the recession velocity
the tertiary calibration
the Type Ia calibration
Resolved observations prior to explosion helped to identify the location of Supernova in NGC3184. 17

18. Current Research and Knowledge Research Paper
Estimated upper mass limit to the progenitor of 9M⊙
Observations of the galaxy NGC3184 were taken with the Wide-Field-Planetary Camera-2 (WFPC2) on board the Hubble Space Telescope on two separate occasions through the filters F606W and F300W centered on 5957˚A and 2911˚A respectively.
⊙ - symbol for Sun 18

19. Current Research and Knowledge Research Paper
Resolved
Before
After (2001) 19

20. Current Research and Knowledge Research Paper
Two hot luminous blue stars OB1-1 and OB1-2:
4 M yrs
Very massive OB-supergiants (40-60M⊙)
Abundant in metal
However, the supernova progenitor was not a high mass star, in fact it was fainter than the brightest stars detectable. Therefore, the age of the cluster is not the same for all stars. The average age would be 25±10 M yrs.
Progenitor:
29 M yrs
A 9M⊙ 20

21. Current Research and Knowledge Research Paper
Conclusion
SN1999gi was not a very high mass star.
SN1999gi very likely had an initial mass of less than 9+3 −2M⊙.
Plans for Future
This project will allow astronomers to improve the study of pre-explosion sites of supernovae in the future. 21

22. Focus area Optical 22

23. Focus area Ultraviolet23

24. Focus area Infrared 24

25. References
Smartt S, Gilmore G, Trentham N, Tout C & Frayn C An upper mass limit for the progenitor of the TypeII-P supernova SN1999gi. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
NASA What is a Supernova
Image J Software
Gibes K Spiral Galaxy NGC Calvin College, USA
University of Manitoba GAO Observing Logbook. 2007
NASA. Skyview
SAOImage DS9 Version 7.4 25