1. GENETICS

2. DNA Carries traits (inherited characteristics)
Genetic material found in a cell's nucleus
Instructs cells how to put together materials to produce certain traits
Very large, twisted ladder shaped molecule
Determines what type of organism it is

3. GENES
Segments of DNA that carry instructions for the traits of an organism from parent to offspring
Located on the chromosomes
Determine or control traits
Direct the production of proteins for that trait

4. CHROMOSOMES Located in nuclei or center of cell
Each type of organism has a fixed number
May contain thousands of genes
Humans have 23 pairs
1 set is different from the others and determines gender
Male = XY
Female =XX

5. HEREDITY
The passing of traits from parent to off spring
GENETICS
The study of Heredity
Father of Genetics:
Gregor Mendel

6. Alleles Each Gene in a pair
DOMINANT Allele: The allele that masks the effect of the other (CAPITAL Letter) G
RECESSIVE Allele: allele that is masked by the other. (lower case Letter) g

7. PURE/HOMOZYGOUS: organism carries 2 dominant or 2 recessive alleles for a trait (2 of the same letters) GG or gg
HYBRID/HETEROZYGOUS organism carries 1 dominant & 1 recessive allele for a trait
(2 different letters) Gg

8. GENOTYPE: Set of alleles an organism has for a trait (2 letters) GG, gg, Gg
PHENOTYPE The physical appearance the trait takes on.
(what it looks like) Green or yellow

9. PunneTT Squares
Table used to predict what traits offspring will have based on what traits the parents have
TOP: Alleles contributed by male
SIDE: Alleles contributed by the female
SQUARES: show the possible offspring

10. PUNNETT SQUARE

11. Example Trait: Pea Pod Color G= Green, g= yellow Dominant Allele: G
Recessive Allele: g
Dominant Pure Genotype: GG
Recessive Pure Genotype: gg
Hybrid Genotype: Gg
Dominant Phenotype: Green
Recessive Phenotype: yellow

13. Types of dominance Fur Color F=Red Fur f=White Fur Complete
1 allele hides or mask the other
Ff phenotype = Red
Incomplete
Blending
Ff phenotype = Pink
Codominance
Both traits are present
Ff phenotype = Red & White