1. English School ( International society)
International society instead of international system:
focuses on the shared norms and values of states and how they regulate international relations ( as Idealist )
Beleive in Anarchical society ( As Realist )
Not pessimist as Realist
Not Optimist as Idealist

2. English School
there is a society of states at the international level, despite the condition of anarchy.
International relations represents a society of states war
the great powers
diplomacy
the balance of power
international law in the
sovereignty
Regulate

3. English School
A great deal of the English School of thought concerns itself with the examination of traditional international theory:
Realist or Hobbesian (after Thomas Hobbes)
Rationalist (or Grotian, after Hugo Grotius)
Revolutionist (or Kantian, after Immanuel Kant).
In broad terms, the English School seeking a middle way between the 'power politics' of realism and the 'utopianism' of revolutionism.
Not pessimist as Realist
Not Optimist as Idealist

4. English School
Some have argued that the English School is essentially a British variant on realism which exaggerates the importance of the veneer of society and pays too little attention to its role in safeguarding the privileges of the leading powers and other dominant interests.
The international system is not a state of war despite the fact that each state has a monopoly of control of the instruments of violence within its territory.
Why?
Because of a common interest in placing restraints on the use of force, states have developed the art of accommodation and compromise which makes international society possible.

5. English School
Bull: States may not agree on the meaning of justice but, they can concur about how to maintain order among themselves. Most agree that each state should respect the sovereignty of the others and observe the principle of non-intervention. Each society can then promote its notion of the good life within its own territory, recognized as an equal by all others.
Order among all mankind is of primary value, not order within the society of states.

6. English School 18th With the expansion of Europe:
other peoples were forced to comply with its conception of the world and, gradually, most of those societies came to accept European principles of international society.
But they came to enjoy equal membership of the international society of states only after a long struggle to dismantle Europe’s sense of its own moral superiority and political invincibility.
Bull called this struggle the revolt against the West

7. English School 5 Components: Struggle for equal sovereignty
china and Japan Independent but were considered inferior to the western powers
legal revolt against the West:
Japan joined the society of states in 1900,
Turkey in 1923
Egypt in 1936
China in 1943
the former colonies freedom from colonial domination
Demanded

8. English School
2. struggle to abolish slavery and the slave trade 3. white supremacism and quest for freedom and dignity 4.economic revolt against the forms of inequality and exploitation associated with a Western-dominated global commercial and financial system. 5. the cultural revolt protest against all forms of Western cultural imperialism

9. English School
Origin
Martin Wight the remnants of medieval conceptions of societas Christiana
Hedley Bull sovereign states to safeguard and promote basic goals, especially their survival.
to ensure life security against violence resulting in death or bodily harm
to ensure the keeping of promises, or the implementation of agreements;
to ensure the stability of the possession of things which is free from constant and unlimited challenges.
Goal

10. English School The most important reason:
Britain’s history as a super power
The experience in diplomacy, law and other areas accumulated since the period of British Empire has provided the members of the English school with rich historical resources.

11. English School Conclusion
The English school focuses on norms, rules, institutions and values and develops a new normative thinking into international relations.