1. Developmental Psychology
The study of YOU from womb to tomb.
We are going to study how we change physically, socially, cognitively and morally over our lifetimes.

2. Prenatal Development Pre-Natal: conception to birth
Female releases an egg every month (she’s born with all she’ll ever have)
Conception begins with the drop of an egg and the release of about 200 million sperm (first produced during puberty)
The sperm seeks out the egg and attempts to penetrate the eggs surface.

3. Once the sperm penetrates the egg- we have a fertilized egg called……..
The Zygote
The first stage of prenatal development. Lasts about two weeks and consists of rapid cell division.

4. Zygotes Less than half of all zygotes survive first two weeks.
About 10 days after conception, the zygote will attach itself to the uterine wall.
The outer part of the zygote becomes the placenta (which filters nutrients).

5. After two weeks, the zygote develops into an….
Embryo
Lasts about 6 weeks.
Heart begins to beat and the organs begin to develop.

6. Fetus By nine weeks we have a…
The fetus by about the 6th month, the stomach and other organs have formed enough to survive outside of mother.
At this time the baby can hear (and recognize) sounds and respond to light.
Recognizes the sound of its mother!

7. Teratogens Chemical agents that can harm the prenatal environment.
Alcohol (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome): marked by small, misproportional head and lifelong brain abnormalities.
Other STDs can harm the baby…..
HIV, herpes, genital warts
Other drugs as well:
Heroin, cocaine

8. Healthy Newborns We study newborns through their behaviors
Turn head towards voices .
See 8 to 12 inches from their faces.
Gaze longer at human like objects right from birth.
Habituation: decreasing responsiveness to repeated stimuli

9. What are reflexes? Automatic, unlearned responses to external stimuli.
Survival behaviors (nourishment, protection).
Development of future behavior; ex. Walking.
The presence and strength of a reflex is an important sign of neurological development and function.

10. Grasping reflex

11. Plantar toe reflex

12. Moro (or startle) reflex

13. Babinski reflex

14. Stepping reflex

15. Tonic neck reflex

16. Rooting reflex

17. Sucking reflex

18. Reflexes
Many infant reflexes disappear as the child grows older, although some remain throughout adulthood.
The presence of an infant reflex after the age at which the reflex normally disappears can be a sign of brain damage or damage to the nervous system.

19. Reflexes Examples of reflexes that persist into adulthood are:
Blinking reflex -- you blink your eyes when they are touched or when sudden bright light appears
Cough reflex -- you coughs when your airway is stimulated
Gag reflex -- you gag when the throat or back of mouth is stimulated
Sneeze reflex -- you sneeze when nasal passages irritated
Yawn reflex - you yawn when the body needs additional oxygen

20. Reflexes Inborn automatic responses.
Rooting – baby turns to search and suck when cheek touched
Sucking
Grasping
Moro – startle response
Babinski – toes fan out when sole of foot touched

21. Maturation Maturation: Biological growth pattern
Although the timing of our growth may be different, the sequence is almost always the same.

22. Newborn Development
Infant memory: underdeveloped hippocampus and cortex areas result in lack of long-term memory before ages 3-4
Major milestones (averages):
Sitting w/o support: 5.5 months
Crawling: 10 months
Walking: 12.1 months
Gross motor skills – involve large-muscle activities, such as walking
Fine motor skills– involve more finely tuned movements, such as finger dexterity.

23. Put these in Order of Development Motor and Verbal Abilities __ Walks alone; says several words __ Describes the difference between a bird and a dog __ Turns head to follow moving object __ Names penny, nickel, and dime __ Climbs stairs; says many words __ Laces shoes __ Sits alone for one minute; says “da-da” __ Tells how a baseball and an orange or an airplane and a kite are alike __ Puts on shoes __ Tells time to quarter-hour __ Runs; uses simple word combinations __ Walks while holding onto something

24. 2 months Turns head to follow moving object 9 months Sits alone for one minute; says “da-da” 1 year Walks while holding onto something 1 year 3 months Walks alone; says several words 1 year 6 months Climbs stairs; says many words 2 years Runs; uses simple word combinations 3 years Puts on shoes 4 years Laces shoes 5 years Names penny, nickel, and dime 6 years Describes the difference between a bird and a dog 7 years Tells time to quarter-hour 8 years Tells how a baseball and an orange or an airplane and a kite are alike

25. Infant Development Harry Harlow and Baby Monkeys
Contact Comfort: summarize the study

26. Ainsworth and Attachment
A Strange Situation Test (describe each)
Securely Attached
Insecurely attached
Avoidant
Mixed
Cultural similarities or differences?
Separation Anxiety- describe, what is the biological purpose?

27. Moral life of Infants: summarize the study
What does this study tell us about Locke’s “Blank Slate” theory?

28. Erickson’s Stage 1 Trust vs. Mistrust
Describe the stage and come up with an example.

29. Piaget Stage 1 Sensorimotor Stage- describe briefly
Explain object permanence

30. A Child’s World prewrite (label clearly)
Describe your earliest childhood memories. Your memories may be stories, or it may be images, colors, objects, sounds, smells, etc. Maybe you have a few different memories that you cannot separate. Please write what you remember. 
Do you remember a lie you told as a child. What was it? What sorts of things would you lie about as a child? Did you ever get away with your lies as a child?

31. A Child’s World Mind Games part 1 Mind Games part 2 Mind Games part 3
Complete the Reading guide in your notebook using complete sentences.